1. IEEE NPEC SC2 Equipment Qualification Electromagnetic Compatibility Compliance Type Test-Design Considerations- Installation and Mitigation Standard/Guidance EMI/EMC Daughter Standard to IEEE 323
Suresh Channarasappa
Westinghouse Electric Company
IEEE NPEC SC2 Meeting
Clearwater Beach, FL
May 2014

2. Discussion Points Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
Background and History
EMC Type Test
EMC Type Test Requirements
Requirements Comparison
EMC Test Severity Comparison
EMC Design Considerations and Installation Practices
Site Survey
Summary and Recommendations

3. Electromagnetic Compatibility
Electromagnetic and radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) are from sources external to the equipment, through the connecting cabling by capacitive or inductive coupling from the source or through a difference of potential between the respective earth references of local equipment and remotely connected equipment.
EMI/RFI may also be generated by electrostatic discharges from the operators to panels, enclosures or cabinets, and by radiated electromagnetic fields which may be generated by two-way radios, cell phones, broadcasting and television stations, as well as radar stations.
Surge Withstand Capability - AC and DC power supplies may be susceptible to power surge generated by lightning and various switching transients.

4. Background and History
IEEE NPEC
IEEE : Identified the need to address electromagnetic interference and provided general guidance to meet EMI/RFI compliance via design considerations and type testing in an informative annex. Specific standards that may be used to perform types were listed in the annex.
IEEE 603-Draft:2007
IEEE : Revised and updated guidance provided in IEEE
IEEE : Identified EMI/RFI and power surges as normal and abnormal environmental conditions.
EMI/RFI susceptibility may address type testing using recommendations provided in IEEE and IEEE

5. EMC Type Tests Electromagnetic Compatibility Emissions Type Tests
Radiated Emissions
Conducted Emissions
Susceptibility Type Tests
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
Electro Static Discharge (ESD)
Electrical Fast Transient/Burst (EFT/B)
Surge (Power Supply and I/O)
Power Supply Immunity
Conducted Immunity, etc

6. EMC-Type Test Requirements Industry and Regulatory Guidance
US NRC Regulatory Guide Revision 1, 2003, “ Guidelines for Evaluating Electromagnetic and Radio-Frequency Interference in Safety-Related Instrumentation and Control System
EPRI Revision 3, 2004, “Guidelines for Electromagnetic Interference Testing of Power Plants” (Latest version: Revision 4)
IEC 62003:2009, Nuclear Power Plants – Instrumentation and control systems important to safety – Requirements for electromagnetic compatibility testing

7. EMC-Type Test Requirements Industry and Regulatory Guidance
EMC CE Mark Requirements European Union (EU) Directive on EMC – 89/336/EEC, as amended by 92/31/EEC and 93/68/EEC (New Directive 2004/108/EC)
Testing based IEC series standards
EN :2008: Electrical Equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use – EMC Requirements.

8. EMC-Type Test Requirements US NRC Regulatory Guide 1
EMC-Type Test Requirements US NRC Regulatory Guide Revision 1, 2003
Provides Guidance to Test Safety I&C equipment and non-safety I&C equipment that may impact safety equipment
Address both Emissions and Immunity of Equipment
Recommends use of both Military and Commercial Standards
Mixing of Military and Commercial Standards not permitted
Specify acceptable test levels and limits (Low and Medium Exposure)
Military Standard Recommended:
MIL-STD-461E for conducted and radiated emissions and susceptibility;
IEEE C62.41 and IEEE C62.45 or IEC , IEC and IEC for Surge Withstand Capability

9. Commercial Standard Recommended:
EMC-Type Test Requirements US NRC Regulatory Guide Revision 1, 2003 (Continued)
Commercial Standard Recommended:
IEC Series for conducted and radiated susceptibility
IEEE C62.41 and IEEE C62.45 or IEC , IEC and IEC for Surge Withstand Capability
IEC (CISPR 11Class A) for Conducted and Radiated Emissions Limits (applicable with limitations)

10. EMC-Type Test Requirements EPRI 102323 Revision 3, 2004
Provides Guidance to Test Safety I&C equipment, I&C equipment important to power production and non-safety I&C equipment
Address both Emissions and Immunity of Equipment
Recommends use of both Military and Commercial Standards
Mixing of Military and Commercial Standards is permitted
Specify acceptable test levels and limits
Military Standard Recommended:
MIL-STD-461E for conducted and radiated emissions and susceptibility;
IEEE C62.41 and IEEE C62.45 or IEC , IEC and IEC for Surge Withstand Capability

11. EPRI EMC-Type Test Requirements 102323 Revision 3, 2004 (Continued)
Commercial Standard Recommended:
IEC Series for conducted and radiated susceptibility
IEEE C62.41 and IEEE C62.45 or IEC , IEC and IEC for Surge Withstand Capability
IEC (CISPR 11Class A) for Conducted and Radiated Emissions Limits (applicable with limitations)

12. EMC-Type Test Requirements IEC 62003:2009
IEC 62003:2009 Nuclear Power Plants-Instrumentation and Control important to safety-Requirements for electromagnetic compatibility testing
Susceptibility Tests
Recommended Standards IEC ;3;4;5;6;8;9;10;11;12;13;14;16;28
Emissions Tests
Suggested guidance CISPR 11:2003

13. Requirement Comparison
Regulatory Guide Rev 1
EPRI Rev 3
IEC 62003:2009

14. EMC Test Severity Classification
RG Rev 1
Low Exposure
Medium Exposure
Equipment shall meet specified acceptance criteria
EPRI Rev 3
Single Classification for Test Severity
For example high frequency conducted susceptibility (same level for both power and signal cables)
Performance Determine based on discussions with the end user
IEC 62003:2009
Light EME; Middle EME; Harsh EME and Severe EME
Specifies Functional Quality Criteria or Performance Criteria A, B and C for Acceptability

15. Test Severity Comparisons-Approximate Mapping
RG R1
(Emissions and Susceptibility)
EPRI R3 (Emissions and Susceptibility)
IEC 62003:2009 (Susceptibility)
Light Electromagnetic Environment (EME)
Low Exposure
Medium EME
Medium Exposure
Mixing and matching of standards not permitted
Specific Levels Based on Plant Measured Data.
Equivalent to RG Rev 1 medium exposure.
Permits mixing and matching of standards (MIL and IEC)
Harsh EME
IEC xx permitted for susceptibility
Informative Guidance for emissions
Severe EME

16. EMC Design Considerations and Installation Practices
Shielded Enclosures.
Shielded cable.
Cable termination techniques.
Proper grounding techniques.
Separation or input filtering of analog, digital, and power wiring.
EMI/RFI filtering of signal inputs and outputs.
EMI/RFI filtering of incoming AC power.
Inductive noise suppression devices on switching circuits including relay coils and solenoid.
EMI/RFI resistant door gaskets.
EMI/RFI shielding on cabinet entranceways.

17. Installation Practices (Continued) IEEE 1050-2004
IEEE , “IEEE Guide for Instrumentation and Control Equipment Grounding in Generating Stations.”
IEEE Std addresses grounding and noise-minimization techniques for I&C systems in a generating station environment. This standard recommends practices for the treatment of both analog and digital systems that address the grounding and shielding of electronic circuits on the basis of minimizing emissions and their susceptibility to EMI/RFI and power surges. The standard is comprehensive in that it covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of grounding and electromagnetic compatibility.

18. Site Survey
IEEE Reaff 1997 Recommended Practices for Electromagnetic Site Survey (10 KHz to 10GHz)(Withdrawn)
EN Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) Electromagnetic disturbance characteristics Limits and methods of measurements
CISPR 16 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods
MIL STD 462 INT Notice 5 Measurement of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics

19. Summary and Recommendations
EMC Compliance Guidelines for Nuclear Power Plants
Industry: EPRI and IEC 62003: 2009
Regulatory: RG R1
Regulatory: CE Mark
Treatment of Safety Electrical and Non-safety Electrical Equipment ?

20. Summary and Recommendations (Continued)
Specific EMC Requirements and Testing Guidance for Nuclear Power Plant is currently not developed as part of IEEE Standards.
IEEE Recommended Practices be developed to address EMC compliance for safety related equipment and non safety Related Equipment
An exploratory task group be formed to further investigate the need for a draft/trial standard and to develop a PAR from IEEE

21. Summary and Recommendations (Continued)
SC2 Recommendations?
Questions Comments?