1. Poultry Unit
11th-12th Grade

2. Learning Targets I can identify various breeds of poultry.
I can identify terminology used in poultry production.

3. Poultry History
1400 B.C. raised by Chinese.

4. Poultry History
1607 Poultry was at Jamestown Settlement.

5. Turkey Facts Top 3 Turkey States in Production: 1. Minnesota
2. North Carolina
3. Arkansas

6. Duck Facts 10 Million ducks are raised annually in the United States.
60% of ducks are raised on Long Island New York

7. Geese Facts 1 Million geese are raised each year in the United States.
Top 5 States in Geese Production:
1. Missouri
2. Iowa
3. South Dakota
4. Minnesota
5. Wisconsin

8. Poultry Facts Top 3 Poultry Egg Producing States California Ohio Iowa
Top 3 Broiler Producing States
Georgia Alabama
Arkansas

9. Poultry Industry #1 Egg Production: Hens lay eggs.
Raised in Cages, Floor Pen System
Packaging of eggs at the farm

10. Poultry Industry #2 Broiler Production: Raise chickens for meat.
Raise several flocks a year

11. Poultry Industry #3
Raising Replacement Pullets:
Raise chicks then sold for Egg Production or Broiler Production.

12. How Poultry are Divided
Breed: Group of related fowl with true traits.
Varieties: Based on certain traits.
Ex. Traits, Color of plumage, Comb Type
Type: Purpose for which the poultry are bred.
Ex. Egg Type, Meat Type
Class: Geographic origin of the poultry.
1. Mediterranean 2. American 3. English 4. Asiatic

13. Dominiques Origin: United Kingdom Color: Gray and White Size: Medium
Do well in confinement and open range.
Dual Purpose: Meat and Egg Production

14. Rhode Island Red Origin: United States Color: Red
Dual purpose breed: Meat/Egg production
Size: Hen 4.5lbs
Males: 5lbs
Not produce in confinement.

15. White Leghorn Chicken Origin: Italy Color: White Size: Hens 4.5lbs
Males: 5
Used for large scale egg production.
Grown in cages
Purpose: Egg Prod.
Egg Size: Large

16. Cornish Origin: England Purpose: Meat Bird Color: Varies Egg Prod: Low
Broodiness: Average
Egg Size: Medium

17. Plymouth Rock Origin: New England Purpose: Meat/Egg Egg Prod. High
Egg Size: Large
Color: White, Black, Blue

18. Jersey Giant Origin: United States Purpose: Meat/Egg Rooster: 13lbs
Hens: 11lbs
Egg Prod: Medium
Egg Size: Large
Color: Black, White, Blue

19. White Turkey Origin: U.S.A. Color: White Size: 70lbs Vey large breast
Grown in large barns
Breeding: A.I.
Use: Meat Production

20. Bronze Turkey Color: Green Bronze Rare in U.S.A
5-6 Hatcheries in the United States
Breeding: A.I.
Use: Meat Production
Egg Production: Poor

21. Bourbon Red Origin: Bourbon Co. Ky. Toms: 33lbs Hens: 18lbs
Use: Show Meat Prod.
Egg Production Poor

22. Black Turkey
Origin: Europe
Tom: 23lbs
Hen: 14lbs
Use Meat Production

23. Royal Palm Origin: U.S.A Tom: 16lbs Hen: 10lbs Use: Showing
Egg Production: Poor

24. Blue Slate Origin: U.S.A Tom: 23lbs Hen: 14lbs Use: Show Meat Prod.
Egg Production: Poor

25. Heritage Turkey Qualities: Fine Flavor Beauty Good yield of meat Hardy
Self Reliant

26. Domestic Turkeys Description: Large High Meat Prod. Raised in Barns
White feathers

27. Poultry Terminology

28. Meat Breeds of Chickens
Developed for their quick growth and meat production.

29. Aviculture
Raising Avian species.

30. American Poultry Association
APA:

31. American Bantam Association
ABA:

32. Poultry Barns Chickens are kept in cages in groups of 4-6 hens.
Food and Water are provided by computers.
Eggs are gathered by a belt system.

33. Broiler Young chicken 6-12 weeks of age and weighs 2.5lbs.
Tender and easy to cook.

34. Roaster
Young chicken that is older and slightly larger than a broiler.

35. Capon
Male chicken that has been castrated.
6-8 months old
Weigh: 6lbs

36. Spent Hen
Hen that is no longer laying eggs.
Made into: Soup, Baked

37. Layer Mature female chicken kept to produce eggs.
Produce: 250 eggs per year

38. Pullet
Young female that is being raised for laying eggs.

39. Rooster
Mature male chicken.

40. Cockerel
Male chicken that is less than 1 year of age.

41. Air Cell
Air space found in the large end of the egg.

42. Bantam 1/4th-1/5th the size of a regular chicken. 150 Varities
Weight Ounces

43. Broody
Maternal instinct causing the female to want to hatch eggs.

44. Clutch
Group of eggs accumulated by the hen to set on. 12 Eggs

45. Cull
Not suitable for breeding, laying, or marketing.

46. Droppings
Chicken Manure

47. Plumage
Feathers making up the outer covering of fowls.

48. Sexed Chicken
Poultry that have been sorted by sex.

49. Candling
Holding the egg up to a bright light to observe what is inside.

50. De-Beak
Remove part of the beak to prevent cannibalism.

51. Free Range
Eggs produced chickens that are cage free.

52. Tom
Male turkey
Can father 1,500 poults during the 25 week laying cycle.
All semen is collected from the Tom.

53. Hen Female turkey Light is used to induce laying of eggs.
25 week laying cycle: eggs

54. Poults
Baby turkey

55. Hatchery
Eggs are sorted for size and quality.

56. Incubation Eggs are kept here until they hatch.
Rotated every few hours to keep eggs alive.

57. Hatched Eggs
Eggs are placed in containers once they are hatched.

58. Sorting Chicks and Turkeys
Chicks or Turkeys are sex and sorted before shipping birds.

59. Poultry Housing Requirements
Litter
Lighting
Temperature
Humidity
Ventilation

60. Free Range Poultry and Chickens
Cost is more expensive when purchased at the store.
Predators, Diseases
Biggest concern

61. Confined Housing All birds are kept inside.
Reduces: Insects, Wild Animals, Cost of raising birds.

62. Other breeds of Poultry

63. Ducks Duckling: Young duck with down rather than feathers.
Drake: Mature male.
Raised for: Meat, Eggs, Feathers

64. Toulouse Origin: France Color: Dark Gray White Abdomen
Adult Gander: 26 Lbs
Adult Goose: 20 Lbs

65. Embden Color: White Origin: Germany Adult Gander: 26 Lbs
Adult Goose: 20 Lbs

66. The Chinese 2 Varieties: Brown and White Adult Ganders: 12 Lbs
Adult Goose: 10 Lbs
Popular for Showing

67. The Pilgrim Male: White Female: Gray and White Adult Gander: 14 Lbs
Adult Goose: 13 Lbs

68. The African Color: Gray and Brown Adult Gander: 20Lbs
Adult Goose: 18 Lbs

69. Geese Gosling: Baby of either sex. Gander: Mature male
Hen/Goose: Female
Gaggle: Flock
Raised for: Meat, Eggs, Feathers

70. Peafowl Peacocks: Males Peahens: Females
Raised for Ornamental Purpose.
Feathers are 5 times the length of the body.

71. Swan Similar to ducks and geese. Used for ornamental purpose.
Resorts, Pools
Color: White to Black

72. Ostrich and Emu Ostrich Weigh: 300lbs Height: 10 feet
Raised for: Meat, Skin, Feathers, Oil Products

73. Guinea Fowl Raised for: Food, Stock Game Preserves.
Eggs are used for decorations.

74. Quail Hunting Birds Very Hardy Animal
Grown as production birds to be sold to hunters and hunting farms.

75. Chickens
Most chickens are used for Meat and Eggs.

76. Cross-Mating
Crossing 2 or more strains of chickens.

77. Commercial Egg Production White Poultry
Use: White Leghorn or Inbred (Hybrid)

78. Commercial Egg Production Brown Egg Layers
Rhode Island Reds

79. Commercial Egg Production Brown Egg Layers
New Hampshires

80. Commercial Egg Production Brown Egg Layers
Barred Plymouth Rocks

81. Commercial Crosses Meat Production
White Plymouth Rock Females X Cornish Males
Low Egg Production
High Meat Production

82. Characteristics of Breeds
3 Ways to Decide
Color of Plumage
Type of Comb
Size of chickens

83. Poultry Stomach

84. Crop
Food is stored in the crop

85. Glandular Stomach
Food is partly digested before passing onto the Gizzard.

86. Gizzard Thick wall used for grinding up food.
Chickens will swallow rocks for grinding up food.

87. Gizzard Stones
Small stones used for grinding feed.

88. Egg Tooth Upper beak used fro breaking out of the shell.
Falls off after 18 hours.