1. Input / Output

2. Serial Data Transmission
Serial Transmission
SENDER
RECEIVER

3. Serial transmission
Relies largely on correct reception of the transmitted data
Buffering
Error detection
Error correction
Requires access to
Memory
Computing power

4. Parallel Data Transmission
Parallel Transmission
SENDER
RECEIVER 1 1 1 1

5. Parallel transmission
Relies largely on physical limitations
Timing
Signal path length
Distinguishing between “waves” of data
Crosstalk
Relatively low computing power requirement compared to serial.

6. Expansion Slots Internal connector
Install adapter cards to add / replace or upgrade motherboard functions
There have been many different types!

7. 1 x ISA
3 x EISA
3 x EISA with VESA Local Bus (VLB) extension

8. 2 x EISA
5 x PCI
1 x AGP

9. 3 x PCI
1 x PCIe 16x

10. Gigabyte GA-EX58-UD5 (March 09)
2 x PCI
2 x PCIe 16x
1 x PCIe 8x
1 x PCIe 4x
1 x PCIe 1x

11. Gigabyte Motherboard (2013)
5 x PCIe 16x !
2 x PCIe 1x

12. Ports Physical interface or socket to connect a device to a computer
Two main types of port:
Serial
Data is transferred in streams
One bit after the other
Parallel
Data bits are transferred alongside each other in waves (concurrently)

13. Evolution of printer ports
Serial (RS232)
Parallel
USB
Mbps
1Mbps -> 16Mbps
1.5Mbps -> 5Gbps

14. New interfaces are serial
SATA ports
PCIe slots

15. “Legacy” ports
Description of older port types which are becoming obsolete
Manufacturers would like to be able to leave them out of new designs
Often still included for backwards compatibility

16. Common port types
PS/2
USB
Firewire
Serial
Parallel
Game
Sound
VGA
DVI

17. Legacy port PS/2 Introduced with IBM Personal System 2
Used for keyboard & mouse
Normally colour coded
Mouse = green
Keyboard = purple
Not hot-pluggable
Compatible with USB via adapter
Legacy port

18. Legacy port Serial (COM) RS232 General purpose serial port
9 pin male D-type OR
25 pin male D-type
Now legacy port
Max speed 115,200 bps
Tricky to set-up
Legacy port

19. Legacy port Parallel (LPT) IEEE1284 (Bidirectional version)
25 pin female D-type
Printers
Scanners
Now legacy port
Legacy port

20. Legacy port Firewire (IEEE 1394) Firewire 400 Firewire 800 100 Mbps

21. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
Low Speed (1.5 Mbps)
Full Speed (12 Mbps)
USB 2.0
Hi-Speed (480 Mbps)

22. USB 3.0 Announced Sept 2007 Spec completed Nov 2008
Super Speed 4.8Gbps
Extra pins required
Type A plugs backward compatible
Other types not!

24. Other port types RJ45 (LAN) Surround sound eSATA PS/2 combo port HDMI
SPDIF
SPDIF = Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format