1. Modern Africa: Political and physical features
SS7G1: The student will locate selected features of Africa.
A. Locate on a world and regional political – physical map: Sahara, Sahel, savanna, Tropic Rain Forest, Congo River, Nile River, Niger River, Atlas Mountains, Kalahari Desert, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Victoria
Locate on a world and regional political-physical map the countries of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire), Sudan, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, Kenya, and Nigeria.
SS7G3: The student will explain the impact of location, climate, physical
physical characteristics, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution in Africa.
A. Describe how being located near a water source or being landlocked affects a country’s ability to trade.
B. Explain the distribution of diamonds, gold, uranium, and oil in Africa, and how that affects the development of Africa.
C. Describe the Sahara, Sahel, Savannah, and tropical rain forest and the effect they have on where people live, the type of work they do, and transportation.

8. AFRICAN FEATURES:
Africa is the world’s second largest continent after Asia.
The one thing all African nations have in common is their dependence on the land’s physical characteristics which determines where they live and what they do for a living.
The Nile River, the world’s longest river runs through the Sahara. It also provide a way to transport people and goods. It provides a source of water for irrigation. The Nile River makes trade possible for the coutries of Africa it flows through.
Most of Egypt’s population lives along the Nile for the water, food, and economic activities it creates. Egypt, the Sudan, and other African countries are able to trade because of the Nile River.

9. What is needed to trade?
How does being located near water or being land locked affect a country's ability to trade?
Compare Egypt to Ethiopia to answer that question.

10. THE SAHARA:
The Sahara is the world’s largest desert in North Africa. It is bordered by the ATLAS MOUNTAINS in Tunisia and North Morocco. The ATLAS MTS. serve as a physical barrier between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea and keep rain from crossing from the Mediterranean into the Sahara Desert.
The Sahara has also been known as a trade route because of its location between the Mediterranean and populated areas of Africa.

12. People who live there shape their life along desert living
People who live there shape their life along desert living. Unless a city has been carved in the desert, they must get around with desert animals. They must watch water for cooking, drinking, and bathing. It effects dress and all other parts of their lives. The people who live in the Sahara or Bedouins are nomadic farmers who move from oasis to oasis.

13. How the Sahara Desert affects the way people live in the desert:
1.They are covered to protect themselves from the harsh heat of the desert.
2. They wear cotton because it is cool and because it can be purchased from Egypt.
3. Eat-cheese, milk, grains, dates—dessert plants
Live off the land—homes are tents because there is not wood or brick, --they migrate when food or water runs out
5.---They use dried camel and goat dung for fuel to heat and cook with.
6.Since there is little water, they seldom bathe—but use sand to clean their hands.
7.They travel mainly by camel.
8.They treat foreigners or those they do not know with suspicion because of limited natural resources—water is mainly found in wells and at an oasis.
9.One entertainment in the desert is camel racing.
10.. They mainly entertain themselves with stories.
11. Most people flock to urban cities around rivers to keep from living in the desert.

14. THE SAHEL:
The area between the Sahara and the populous areas farther south is the SAHEL. The SAHEL is semi-arid and dry, but some areas have many natural resources such as:
uranium, oil, and gold; but people there are still poor because of war and internal power struggles within the country. Most people in the SAHEL are nomadic farmers, but due to drought and bad weather, some have gone to cities. This poor region still does without things others take for granted such as: running water, sewer, indoor toilets, and electricity.

15. The Sudan is within the Sahel and Sahara region
The Sudan is within the Sahel and Sahara region. They have water from the Nile for raising crops. They grow: livestock, cotton, peanuts. Without the Nile they would not have the water to irrigate their crops. Without the Nile they would not be able to grow crops to trade.

16. SAVANNAH: These are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and a variety of animals such as buffalo, zebra, and gazelles. Many of these animals live in protected areas called game preserves. One of the most famous is the Serengeti in Kenya.

17. Most people living in the savannahs are subsistence farmers
Most people living in the savannahs are subsistence farmers. Coffee and tea however is grown as cash crops there. The savannas are wide open spaces. People live and work in small villages. There are few roads and cars. Most people get around by walking. There are some large cities like Nairobi in Kenya.

18. RAINFOREST :
This dense tropical rainforest is found in western Africa. Again slash and burn farming or subsistence farming is how most people make their living. Transportation would be by boat on the Niger River or on foot. The people are poor. Deforestation has made the rainforest shrink. The forest has also shrunk due to less than 60 inches of annual rainfall a year. The people are more concerned with survial than saving the rainforest for reasons that are foreign to them.
Ghana is part of this area known for mining gold and diamonds and agriculture. It’s main crop is cocoa.

19. Slash and burn farming
Tropical rainforest
Cocoa in Ghana

20. SOUTHERN AFRICA:
SOUTH AFRICA IS A MAJOR PRODUCER OF COAL,
DIAMONDS, PLATINUM, AND GOLD.
MANY SOUTH AFRICANS STILL LIVE IN POVERTY
BECAUSE BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS ARE PAID LITTLE.
SOUTH AFRICA IS ALSO HOME OF THE DRAKENSBERG
MOUNTAINS, GAME RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS.
A LARGE DESERT CALLED THE KALAHARI COVERS
360,000 ACRES OF SOUTH AFRICA AND IS THE HOME OF
A GROUP OF PEOPLE CALLED BUSHMEN.

21. Bushmen of the Kalahari

23. Natural resources are unequally distributed in Africa.
Nigeria and Libya have oil.
Chad had uranium, gold, and oil.
South Africa has diamonds and gold.
Many countries have no great wealth in natural resources to trade. Some countries that do have natural resources such as Chad, Nigeria, and Libya are controlled by governments that do not share the wealth with the people and do not invest in human capital.

24. Pages in CRCT Coach.