1. UNIT 7: MILITARY CONFLICT
LESSON 7.5: THE CIVIL WAR
part 2 “The Opposing Sides”

2. Review
List as many long term causes of the Civil War that you can (issues that increased sectional tension from ).

3. The opposing sides

4. Focus
HOW DID PROBLEMS IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY HELP ABRAHAM LINCOLN WIN THE ELECTION OF 1860?
WHAT WERE SOME CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR?
WHERE AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES DID THE CIVIL WAR BEGIN?
HOW DID LINCOLN PREVENT MARYLAND FROM SECEDING? WHY WAS LINCOLN CONCERNED ABOUT MARYLAND?
Who do you think has the advantage in winning the Civil War? Explain your answer.

5. War of Attrition

6. SETTING THE STAGE
AT THE START OF THE CIVIL WAR, THE NORTH AND THE SOUTH EACH HAD DISTINCT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES. BOTH SIDES EXPECTED TO WIN QUICKLY. INSTEAD THE CIVIL WAR BECAME A LONG, BLOODY, AND A BITTER STRUGGLE IN WHICH NEITHER SIDE WON AN EASY TRIUMPH.

7. Border States
Four states that allowed slavery but remained in the Union
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware
Missouri, Kent., and Mary. Supported the South and almost seceded

8. Importance of Border States
Missouri could control parts of the Mississippi and major routes to the west
Kentucky controlled the Ohio River
Delaware was close to Philadelphia
Maryland most important because it was close to Richmond, railroads ran through it, and D.C. lay within it’s state borders

9. Lincoln Moves Cautiously
Did not want to upset people of border states
If he ended slavery, they would leave
If he sent troops to Kentucky, they would leave
He suspended some constitutional rights and arrested people who supported secession
Border states stayed, but many of their citizens joined Confederate Army

10. AP
Once sentence

11. New State in the Union
Although they seceded, supporters of the Union remained in Tennessee and Virginia
Appalachian region tended to oppose secession
48 counties in western part of Virginia seceded from the state in 1861 and organized a new state of West Virginia admitted in 1863

12. AP
How did West Virginia become a state?

13. North Advantages Disadvantages Larger population More industry
More resources
Better banking system helped raise money for the war
More ships, as most of the Navy remained loyal
Larger, more efficient railroad network
90 percent of telegraph lines
Have to bring Southern states back to the Union
Would have to invade the South, large area filled with hostile people
Southern people’s tremendous support for the war (recalling the American Revolution

14. South Advantages Disadvantages Strong support of the white population
Familiar with territory
Defending their homes, land, and ways of life
Military leadership was superior to the North’s
Strong tradition of military training and service
Jefferson Davis, West Point graduate and experienced soldier
Smaller population of free men for army
Very few factories to make weapons and supplies
Produced less than half the food of the North
Half the amount of railroads and fewer trains making delivering supplies difficult
Belief of states’ rights gave central government very little power

15. AP

16. North’s Goals
Bring South back to the Union
Ending slavery was not a main goal at first
3 strategies to win war:
- blockade Southern ports to prevent trade of supplies and cotton
- gain control of Mississippi River to split Confederacy
- capture Richmond, VA, the capital of the South

17. South’s Goals Become recognized as an independent nation
Preserve their way of life, including slavery
Initial strategies:
- defend homeland, holding onto as much territory until North tired of fighting
- Britain and France would pressure North to end war to restore cotton trade and supply
- Some leaders attacked the north, took the offensive, hoping to persuade North it could not win war

18. AP 4
One sentence

19. AP
Note to buddy

20. American vs. American Families were often divided
Lincoln’s wife, Mary Todd Lincoln, had relatives fight for South
John Crittenden had 2 sons become generals, one for each side
Many of generals knew each other from West Point

21. Who were the soldiers? Average age was 25 40% were 21 or younger
Came from all regions and walks of life
More than half of all had owned or worked on a farm
At first, North didn’t allow blacks

22. The two sides prepare
By 1861, Confederacy had about 112,000 soldiers who were referred to as Rebels
The Union had about 187,000 soldiers, or Yankees
By the end of the war, about 850,000 men fought for the South and 2.1 million men for the North
Just under 200,000 black soldiers

23. AP 6
Once sentence

24. THE FIRST MODERN WAR THE CIVIL WAR WAS THE FIRST MODERN WAR
CIVIL WAR INVOLVED HUGE ARMIES OF CITIZEN VOLUNTEERS = LARGE SUPPLIES AND EQUIPMENT

25. MILITARY TECHNOLOGY
BY 1850’S, THE ARMIES BEGAN USING NEW CONE SHAPED BULLETTS FOR RIFLES (Mini Ball) = VERY ACCURATE FROM LONG DIST.
TROOPS BEGAN TO DEFEND THEIR POSITIONS (TRENCHES, BARRICADES) = HUGE CASUALTIES FOR ATTACKERS
EXPLODING CANISTERS /ARTILLARY
ATTRITION PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS THE WAR DRAGGED ON
NORTH AT ADVANTAGE DUE TO LARGER POPULATION

26. AP 7
How can the Civil War be considered the first modern war? How did this add to the attrition?

27. activity http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOj Grs 1 2 3
Who, What, When, Where, Why and How

28. Learning Log In your journal, summarize what you have learned today.
What are the advantages of both the North and South in fighting the Civil War?
What are the disadvantages of the North and South in fighting the Civil War?
Summarize the strategies for victory for both the North and South.
What impact did technology and improvement in weaponry have on the Civil War?