1. PLC BASED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL
DEPARTMENT OF EEE
A project report on
PLC BASED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL

2. INTRODUCTION AUTOMATION
Automation or automatic control, is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as machinery, processes in
factories, boilers and heat treating ovens, switching on telephone
networks, aircraft ,reduced human intervention
The biggest benefit of automation is that it saves labor; however,
it is also used to save energy and materials and to improve quality,
accuracy and precision
Automation has been achieved by various means including mechanical,
hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, electronic devices and computers,
usually in combination

3. Advantages of automation
Reduction in production time
Increase in accuracy and repeatability
Less human error
Less employee cost
increased safety
Higher volume production

4. INTRODUCTION OF PLC Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have been
an integral part of factory automation and industrial process control for decades
PLCs control a wide array of applications from simple lighting functions to environmental systems to chemical processing plants.
These systems perform many functions, providing a variety of analog and digital input and output interfaces; signal processing; data conversion; and various communication protocols
All of the PLC's components and functions are centered around the controller, which is programmed for a specific task

5. OPERATION OF PLC The PLC is running and the scanning process,
Includes the following four steps
CHECK SELF TEST - Testing of its own hardware and software for these PLC
faults.
CHECK INPUT STATUS - If there are no problems in plc. After the PLC takes a look at each input to determine whether it is on or off condition.
EXECUTE PROGRAM -Next the PLC executes a program by one instruction at a time
If the first input is on then it should turn on the first output.
Since it already knows then it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input

6. Hystorical background
The hydrodynamic division of the general motors corporation specified the
design criteria for the first programmable controller in 1968
Their primary goal of PLC:-
To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled systems
The control system needed the capability to pass data collection to a central
system.
The system had to be reusable
The method used to program the controller had to be simple, so that it could
be easily understood by plant personnel.

7. TYPES OF PLC Allen Bradley PLCs (AB) ABB PLCs (Asia Brown Bovary)4
Allen Bradley PLCs (AB)
ABB PLCs (Asia Brown Bovary)
Siemens PLCs
Omron PLCs
Mitsubishi
Hitachi PLCs
Delta PLCs
General Electric (GE) PLCs
Honeywell PLCs
Modicum PLCs
Schneider Electric PLCs
Bosch PLCs

8. PLC INSTRUCTIONS Normal open normal close out put Not function
AND function
OR function
SET-coil
RE-SET coil
positive edge
negative edge
T ON(ON –DELAY TIMER)
T OF (OFF-DELAY TIMER)

9. ADVANTAGES OF PLC Very fast. Easy to change logic i.e. flexibility.
Reliable due to absence of moving parts.
Low power consumption.
Easy maintenance due to modular assembly.
Facilities in fault finding and diagnostic.
Capable of handling of very complicated logic operations.
Good documentation facilities Easy to couple with the
process computers.
Analog signal handling and close loop control programming.
Counter, timer and comparator can be programmed.
Ease operator interface due to colourographic and advisory
system introduction.

10. DIS ADVANTAGES OF PLC
A lot of hard wiring is required for connection of input and output devices.
Since PLC is a semiconductor device, it can’t be operated over a level of temperature where it can’t sustain it.
Debugging with PLCs may become tedious as finding the fault is not very easy.
Initial cost of PLC is high

11. APPLICATIONS OF PLC Application of PLC in Glass Industry
From the year 1980 the Programmable-logic
controllers are in use in the glass industry, and they
are assembled bit by bit
. PLCs are used mainly in every procedure and workshop for controlling the material ratio, processing of flat glasses, etc
With the development of PLC and increasing demand in the real world.
the control mode of the programmable-logic controller with an intelligent device is applied in the glass industry

12. Applications of PLC in cement industry
The PLC is used for controlling the ball milling, shaft kiln
and Kiln of coal.
Now a days a DCS with bus technology is used in the
production and management industry
By using this existing DCS control system, the PLC is in user
mode of SCADA

13. 1WPL SOFT 2.41 DELTA PLC SOFTWARE
The delta name indicates it is one of the
manufacturing company name
This delta PLC is very economical and costless
compared with other PLC’S and its output is also
very accurate and fast response
DELTA PLC
1WPL SOFT 2.41 DELTA PLC SOFTWARE

14. F1 - NO F7 - OUTPUT COIL
F2 - NC F8 - HORIZONTAL LINE
F3- RISING EDGE TRIGGER SWITCH F9 - VERTICAL LINE
F4- FALLING EDGE TRIGGER SWITCH F11 - INVERSE LOGIC
F5 - STEP POINT F12 - COMPARISON
F6 - APPLICATION INSTRUCTION CTRL +F12 - STOP
PN - POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE CTRL +F4 - ONLINE MODE
CTRL+F9 - READ FROM PLC F8 - WRITE TO PLC
C+D - DELETE HORIZONTAL LINE NP - NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE
7.Choose ladder diagram mode to draw your ladder diagrams in PLC, then a window named LADDER DIAGRAM MODE APPEARS as shown below

15. Communication Cable:RS-232
VIEW OF DELTA PLC

16. PIN DIAGRAM OF DVP60ES2 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
Our plc model is DELTA DVP-60ES2. It consists of 36 inputs and 24 outputs. All inputs and outputs are in digital (binary format)type.
It represent toX0,X1,X2,X3,X4,X5,X6,X7,X8,X9,X10,X11,X12,X13,X14,X15,X16,X17,X20,X21,X22,X23,X24,X25, X26,X27,X30,X31,X32,X33,X34,X35,X36,X37,X40,X41,X42,X43 are inputs.
And out puts are Y0,Y1,Y2,Y3,Y4,Y5,Y6,Y7,Y10,Y11,Y12,Y13,Y14,Y15,Y16,Y17,Y20,Y21,Y22,Y23,Y24,Y25,Y26,Y27.
C0,C1,C2,C3,C4,C5are common pins.
COM1,COM2,COM3are communication ports.
RUN AND STOP BUTTON to run and stop the PLC.

17. Program capacity: 16k steps
FEATURES
ES2 series is a small PLC for basic sequential control. It is economical, highly efficient and functional.
SPECIFICATIONS
MPU points: 16 / 20 / 24 / 32 / 40 / 60
Program capacity: 16k steps
Built-in with 3 COM ports: 1 RS-232 port and 2 RS-485 ports, all are able to operate independently (Master/Slave)
Max. I/O points: 256 input points + 16 output points, or 256 output points + 16 input points

18. APPLICATIONS :
Application in emerging industry: Exclusive
instructions and function blocks designed for PV solar
tracker
Handy instructions for frequency inverter: For controlling the forward
running, reverse running, RUN and STOP of Delta’s AC motor drives
Password protection: Password for subroutine, user ID, restriction on
trial times Highly efficient instruction efficient instruction execution
HVAC, molding injection machine, big storage management, packaging
machine, precise 

19. AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL
PLC BASED
AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC SIGNAL CONTROL
A traffic light or traffic signal is a signaling device positioned at a
road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location in order to indicate
when it is safe to drive, ride, or walk using a n universal color code
A traffic light, traffic signal, or stop light is a signaling device positioned at a
road intersection, pedestrian crossing, or other location in order to indicate
when it is safe to drive, ride, or walk using a universal color code
However for the pedestrians, there
have only two lights, a red light and a green light that mean go and stop
respectively
The traffic lights have given many benefits to all road users. Besides reducing
the number of accidents, it made the traffic flow smoothly and possibly
could save people time.

20. EVOLUTION OF TRAFFIC LIGHT
POLICE CONTROLLED DEVICE
TRAFFIC TOWER
FIRST ELECTRIC SIGNAL
MODERN AGE OF TRAFFIC LIGHT
LIGHT EMITTED DIODES (LEDS) TRAFFIC LIGHT
PLC CONTROLLER

21. EXPERIMENTAL KIT DIAGRAM

22. PANNEL WIRING DIAGRAM

23. WORKING
The ‘PLC’ program is designed to associate traffic light system working in parallel with the barrier cut, consists of four stages: Now press push button switch and process goes on
At First stage, in programmed 3 POLEs in all RED’S are ON condition. All GREEN’S are OFF condition in particular time, the timer is ON
The second stage, when the time is completed only POLE-1 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-1 RED is OFF condition remaining POLE-2 and POLE-3 RED’S are ON condition and GREEN’S are OFF condition in particular time
The third stage, when the time is completed only POLE-2 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-2 RED is OFF condition, remaining POLE-1 and POLE-3 RED’S are ON condition and GREEN’S are OFF condition in particular time.
The fourth stage, when the time is completed only POLE-3 GREEN is ON condition at a time POLE-3 RED is OFF condition, remaining POLE-1 and POLE-2 RED’S are ON condition and GREEN’S are OFF condition in particular time.

24. This process (step-2 and step-3 and step-4) conditions are continuously repeated.
When the push button is OFF the process will be STOP

25. SIGNAL LIGHTS MERITS 1.Provide for orderly movement of traffic.
2 .Increase traffic-handling capacity of an intersection.
3.Reduce frequency and severity of certain types of crashes, especially right-angle Collisions.
4 .Provide for continuous movement of traffic at a definite speed along a given route.
5.Interrupt heavy traffic at intervals to permit other vehicles or pedestrians to cross

26. 3.Disobedience of signals.
DEMERITS
1.Excessive delay.
2.Increased traffic congestion, air pollution and gasoline consumption.
3.Disobedience of signals.
4.Increased use of less-adequate streets to avoid traffic signals.
5.Increased frequency of crashes, especially rear-end collisions

27. FUTURE SCOPE

28. The project is presented by D. Sritulasi V. Brahmaiah M. Ramakrishna G
The project is presented by D.Sritulasi V.Brahmaiah M.Ramakrishna G.Ramakrishna D.Indira Under the guidence of J.Venkatesh sir.

29. THANK YOU