1. Tissue Culture
Tissue Culture is a method in which a few cells from the vegetative plant body are taken and kept in a nutrient medium.

2. Plant Tissue Culture

3. Definition
the culture of plant seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells, or protoplasts on nutrient media under sterile conditions.

4. Tissue culture It is a type of micro propagation
In this method new plants are grown by removing tissues or cells from the tips from the plants.
New plants are formed from isolated plant cells or tissues in a synthetic medium.
New plants are formed from isolated plant cells or tissues in a synthetic medium.

5. What Is Micro Propagation?
“… the asexual or vegetative propagation (multiplication) of plants in vitro “
Implies - regeneration
- multiplication
- uniformity ??

6. Benefits for propagation ...
Rapid multiplication of clones
Difficult species ?
Genetic uniformity ?
Aseptic conditions
Micro- stock plants
Controlled environment

7. Choice of explant Shoot tips Desirable properties of an explant
Axillary buds
Seeds
Hypocotyl (from germinated seed)
Leaves
Desirable properties of an explant
Easily sterilisable
Juvenile
Responsive to culture

8. A few cells or tissues are removed from growing tips of plants & put in an artificial medium

9. The cells divide rapidly to form a small group of cells called callus

10. Formation of plantlets from callus

11. Callus transferred to another medium

12. Applications Of Tissue Culture
Micro propagation is widely used in forestry & in floriculture.
A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide
Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors for production of valuable compounds, like plant-derived secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals.
As a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenetic plants.
micro propagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals.

13. Industrial Applications
Secondary metabolites produced by plants
Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Anthocyanins, Anthraquinones, Polyphenols
Often unclear function in the plant
Often restricted production (specific species, tissue or organ)
Many are commercially valuable
Cell culture techniques allow large-scale production of specific secondary metabolites

14. Advantages Small part of plant is required
Produce many plantlets in small areas
Disease-free plants
Pest-resistant

15. Disadvantages of tissue culture
If large scale production is being thinking, the costs of the equipments are very expensive.
There may be error in the identity of the organisms after culture.
Infection may continue thorough generations easily if possible precautions are not taken.
The procedure needs special attention and diligently done observation.

16. Examples of Tissue culture
Orchid
chrysanthemum

17. Asparagus