1. Copyright for the Net-Generation
Internet and Multimedia Issues

2. Objectives Students will be able to...
Explain the difference between innocent and willful infringement
Recognize sources of copyright infringement on the internet
Recognize how they can violate copyright when using the internet
Recognize how they can violate copyright when creating multimedia presentations
State what is permissible under copyright in regards to a multimedia presentation

3. Copyright Infringement
We know that copyright gives the creator of a work six rights:
Reproduction
Adaptation
Distribution
Public Performance
Public Display
Digital Transmission of Sound Recordings
Copyright infringement is when an individual, who does not possess the copyright of a work, violates one or more of these six rights.
(Simpson, 2005)
Review/Activate Prior Knowledge: Ask students to state/explain the six rights of the copyright holder. You may also wish to review the four factors of fair use (1. purpose/character of use, 2. nature of work, 3. amount to be used, and 4. effect on value/market).

4. Innocent vs. Willful Infringement
Innocent Infringement
Occurs when an individual unknowingly violates copyright. Ex. A student posts the lyrics of a copyrighted song on his/her Facebook page not realizing that this is illegal.
Willful Infringement
Occurs when an individual knowingly violates copyright. Ex. A student downloads several of his/her favorite songs from a file sharing website and burns them onto CDs to give to friends. The individual knows that this act takes away potential income from the artist.
Ex. 1) By posting the lyrics online the student has violated the right of public display.
Ex. 2) The student has violated reproduction, distribution, and digital transmission of sound recordings

5. Copyright Infringement on the Internet
Music
File Sharing
Burning the music onto CDs
Posting Lyrics
Posting Music Videos
Song Mash-ups
Text
Posting copyrighted poems in their entirety
Digitizing copyrighted books (PDFs)
Agreement between Google Books and Publishers
These all violate the 4th factor of fair use: effect on the market/value of the work (licensing/royalty payments)
Are often not posted for educational purposes

6. Copyright Infringement on the Internet
Motion Media
Posting movies and television shows in their entirety.
Viacom vs. Google
Viacom sued Google over the thousands of copyrighted clips posted by users on YouTube.
Viacom (owns The Daily Show and The Colbert Report) claims that Google made millions from the posted clips.
(Sandoval, 2010)
Images
Desktop wallpapers adapted from video games and movies
Posting a book cover (with art)
Posting a cartoon or comic strip
These all violate the 4th factor of fair use: effect on the market/value of the work (licensing/royalty payments)
Are often not posted for educational purposes
Desktop wallpapers violate adaptation
All violate distribution
Song mashups violates adaptation
You may also want to inform your students that downloading and copying computer software without permission is illegal

7. Copyright Infringement and Multimedia Presentations
Music
Using an entire song
Displaying lyrics
Text
Creating an anthology of copyrighted poems
Including the entire text from a book
Motion Media
Using more than 3 minutes of a television or movie clip without permission
Video editing
Images
Displaying an entire cartoon or comic strip
Creating an anthology of more than five images from a single artist
These are examples of common mistakes (innocent infringement)

8. What Can You Do? Music Text
Use 10% (up to 30 seconds) of a copyrighted song.
You may loop the music clip
Text
Up to 10 percent or 1000 words (whichever is less) of a novel, story, play, or long poem
Poems less than 250 words may be used in their entirety
Only three poems by one poet or five poems by different poets
Poems greater than 250 words
3 excerpts from one poem
or five excerpts from different poets
(Simpson, 2005)

9. What Can You Do? Motion Media Images
Up to 10 percent or three minutes (whichever is less) of an individual movie or television show
Images
Applies to illustrations, cartoons, and photographs
No more than five images from a single artist or photographer
From a single collective work-no more than 10 percent or 15 images
(Simpson, 2005)

10. What Can You Do? Cite Your Sources! Public Domain Free Materials
On the opening slide of your multimedia presentation include a statement that the presentation includes copyrighted work
Avoid plagiarism by properly citing quoted and paraphrased text
Include a reference/works cited slide listing your sources
Public Domain
Materials in the public domain are free for you to use (not protected by copyright)
Free Materials
Use websites like that offer copyright free materials.
Ask Permission
Ask the copyright holder for permission to use the material
Inform students that asking permission may take more time than they have for a project or that they may never receive a response from the copyright holder. It is always good to have a back-up plan.

11. Quiz
1. Explain the difference between innocent and willful infringement.
Check Answer

12. Answer
Willful infringement is when an individual purposefully/knowingly violates copyright. Innocent infringement is when an individual unknowingly violates copyright.

13. Quiz 2. Which of the following violates copyright?
Using a photo from the NASA website on your Facebook page
Posting a poem by Emily Dickinson on your website
Creating a desktop wallpaper of your favorite video game characters

14. Answer
Creating a desktop wallpaper of your favorite video games violates the right of adaptation. Photos from NASA are a part of the public domain and poems by Emily Dickinson were written prior to 1923 and are no longer under copyright.

15. Quiz
3. Which of the following should you not do when creating a multimedia presentation?
Use 10% of a poem written after 1923
Use 20% of a song written after 1923 for the background music
Use a clip that is 10% of the length of a television show

16. Answer
Copyright guidelines dictate that you may only use 10% or 30 seconds (whichever is less) of a song in a multimedia presentation.

17. Quiz
4. Which of the following can you do in a multimedia presentation without having to worry about copyright ?
Insert a photo from Britannica Online
Insert a photo from National Geographic
Insert a photo from the USGS

18. Answer
Photos from the USGS are in the public domain and are free for you to use. If you plan on using a large number of images from one source, then you would need to read the National Geographic and Britannica Online copyright policies to see if it is permissible to use photos from their websites. If permission is not given, you may use no more than 10% of the images or write and ask for permission.

19. References
Sandoval, G. (2010, March 24). In viacom vs. google, legal shenanigans abound. CNET. Retrieved from: _ html Simpson, C. (2005). Copyright for schools: A practical guide, fourth edition. Worthington, OH: Linworth Books.
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