2. Chapter 12
Building Information Modeling

3. Objectives
Explain the principles of building information modeling (BIM).
Describe the characteristics of a BIM model.
Explain applications for BIM in commercial and residential architecture.
List and describe major BIM processes used in a building project.
Explain the common tools and processes used in parametric modeling.

4. Objectives
Describe common processes used to coordinate models between different engineering principles.
Explain applications for a BIM model in facility management.

5. Introduction
BIM is process where the virtual building model replicates the actual building
Provides management system from design through construction and operation
BIM applies to both residential and commercial architecture

6. Introduction to BIM
Approach to building design that allows for management of all aspects of building project
Conceptual design
Building analysis
Model construction and documentation
Design collaboration
Encompasses processes occurring throughout design project and lifetime of building
Cost estimating
Construction management
Data management
Facility management

7. Introduction to BIM BIM model is virtual representation of a building
Model courtesy of Autodesk

8. Introduction to BIM BIM model is virtual building model
BIM referred to as parametric model because each object has editable properties
“Smart” relationships between objects means change to one object changes entire model
Each object has material properties and parameters that identify product data

9. Introduction to BIM
The ability to study 3D models before construction is key advantage of BIM over 2D
3D models represents work, 2D drawing views are generated from 3D model
Biggest difference between BIM and traditional design is use of parametric modeling software

10. Implementing BIM BIM allows greater building project efficiency
Implementation of BIM occurs gradually in phases, rather than overnight
Using BIM requires major shift in how company operates, so good planning essential
Using BIM requires selecting BIM manager
Manager most knowledgeable of BIM software
Also needs management skills

11. Implementing BIM BIM manager’s responsibilities include:
Software training
IT management
Identifying projects suitable for BIM
Assigning roles to team members
Coordinating work with other disciplines
BIM standards development

12. Applications for BIM in Residential and Commercial Architecture
Most companies using BIM in architectural design are in commercial construction
Improvements in efficiency using BIM produce greater savings, have more impact
BIM only marginally beneficial in residential architecture because they are less complex
Startup costs can be significant challenge

13. Applications for BIM in Residential and Commercial Architecture
More growth for BIM in the commercial sector due to competition
Commercial firms that do not adopt BIM risk losing business to other firms
Less demand for BIM from home buyers
Botswana Innovation Hub - SHoP Architects

14. Applications for BIM in Residential and Commercial Architecture
BIM has measurable benefits to residential designers in custom home design market
BIM model can be analyzed to determine if it meets green building standard
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification

15. Applications for BIM in Residential and Commercial Architecture
Prefabricated design constructed from locally sourced wood
GRAPHISOFT
The Eco-house 3.0|NOEM - noem.com|photo c Meritxell Arjalaguer

16. Applications for BIM in Residential and Commercial Architecture
Advantages of BIM:
Productivity
Visualization
Collaboration
Marketing
Disadvantages of BIM:
Initial investment
Level of implementation
File interoperability
Image courtesy of Autodesk

17. BIM Processes
Streamline coordination with different contributors in building design project
BIM processes over course of design project:
Model design
Model construction
Model collaboration
Data management
Facility management

18. Model Design Design project begins with design studies
Design studies are intended to serve as a comprehensive analysis of the design
Solar orientation
Wind patterns
Building code requirements

19. Model Design Commonly referred to as schematic design
May be hand sketches, computer-generated renderings, or combination of the two
Involve as many stakeholders as possible in the early design stages

20. Model Design
Stakeholders are usually engineers, contractors, consultants, material suppliers, and building engineers
This stage of the redesign called front-loading
Front-loading allows more time to focus on design, which helps drive project innovation

21. Model Analysis
Sustainability is an important objective in architectural design
BIM processes help designers integrate sustainable design principles
By analyzing models in BIM, designers can study alternative scenarios and enhance performance factors, such as energy efficiency

22. Model Analysis Design simulations evaluate: Shadows and reflections
Energy use
Flight conditions
Carbon emissions
Water management
Wind patterns
Ventilation
Thermal performance
Daylighting and lighting loads

23. Model Analysis
Simulations can be used to simulate construction conditions for visualization purposes
London Blackfriars station, courtesy of Network Rail and Jacobs®

24. Model Analysis Structural analysis can analyze loads
Structural design can analyze strength data for beam and column connections and verify the sizes of structural components are correct
Design simulation results can be used to optimize model by making appropriate design changes

25. Model Analysis
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

26. Cost Estimating
One of the first steps in design project is preparing preliminary estimate of materials and labor costs to construct building
BIM model supplies all of the building data used in cost estimating
Material takeoff is list of quantities and materials used in constructing the building

27. Cost Estimating
Modeling software programs provide tools for creating a material takeoff automatically
Estimators prepare cost estimates manually by working from the construction documents

28. Clash Detection
Interference checking in BIM software is commonly referred to as clash detection
Ability to check for interference in different models is very important benefit of BIM
Software evaluates model geometry, highlights areas in building with interference

29. Clash Detection
GRAPHISOFT

30. Simulating Construction
Designing, constructing building model in 3-D modeling software is similar to constructing actual building
Construction simulation shows construction processes in sequential order
Important to contractors, who determine methods for processes ahead of construction

31. Model Construction Based on a parametric modeling workflow
Objects can be edited parametrically and have “smart” relationships with one another
BIM model can be used to create construction drawings used in the building project
BIM models viewed from different viewpoints

32. Model Construction
Model courtesy of DesignGroup and the National Audubon Society

33. Model Setup
Project is file that stores all model geometry and views associated with the model
Project template is file configured with predefined settings, model content, and use that can be applied to a new project
Views in model file are set up to coordinate with major types of views and working drawings used in architectural drawings

34. Model Setup Sheet is layout with title block and view for printing
Views organized by categories: Floor Plans, Ceiling Plans, Sections, Elevations
How views and sheets are organized in model files differentiates BIM from traditional CADD
Model courtesy of Autodesk

35. Model Setup
Visibility settings for review can be saved into a view template
View range defines objects’ visibility range
Levels are assigned elevations that define key heights of the building
Once model file is set up with the appropriate views and levels, modeling can begin

36. Creating Plan Views
Model construction typically starts with creating the floor plan view
Serves as basis for other views
First step is to create interior, exterior walls
Doors, windows added next
Components that represent same item in different sizes and orientations called family

37. Creating Plan Views
Dennis Dixon
BluPrint Design + Build

38. Creating Plan Views
Dennis Dixon
BluPrint Design + Build

39. Section Views Shows portion of building as if it is “cut”
SECTION command creates section view
Helps designer verify feature locations
After section view is created, view is displayed and wall is edited
Creates “cutout” in wall or feature

40. Creating Section Views
Dennis Dixon
BluPrint Design + Build

41. Elevations Views that illustrate exterior features
Shows north, south, east, and west
Included in finished appearance of building
ELEVATION command creates elevation view
LEVEL command used to create levels
Levels identify important heights of building

42. Creating Elevation Views
Dennis Dixon
BluPrint Design + Build

43. Schedules
List of all items of a specific type that are needed for construction
Can be formatted to list things, such as part number, type, size, cost, material, and finish
Can be used for processes, such as estimating, ordering, and installation

44. Detailing
The process of using 2D geometry to represent non-modeled features in views
Detail components: View-specific symbols that appear only in view in which they are created
Modeling programs provide library of predefined detail components
Detailing provides flexibility to the designer

45. Detailing
Images courtesy of Autodesk

46. Sheet Preparation
View completed by adding dimensions, annotations, other information
Sheets have the same relationship to the model as views
Sheets plotted to electronic file format, such as portable document format (PDF)

47. Model Collaboration BIM facilitates a collaborative design process
Coordinates work by linking models and monitoring changes as they occur
For effective model collaboration, regular communication should take place between the different engineers and offices

48. Model Collaboration
Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock.com

49. Data Management
Data must be organized, stored so it is readily available to different contributors in project
Enterprise software stores data in centralized location along with models, drawing documentation
System must have safeguards for file security and backup
Files should be organized, easy to retrieve

50. Facility Management
Incorporating input from different stakeholders helps improve building project
A primary goal of BIM is to construct buildings that perform more efficiently
Building systems being represented in digital form means desired information can be retrieved quickly

51. Facility Management
Image courtesy of Autodesk