1. Classification

2. Do Now Protist Plant Animal Protist Plant Animal Fungus Fungus
This key is used to classify certain kinds of organisms into kingdoms.
According to the key, which kind of organism is multicellular, does not make food and does not have a mouth?
Protist
Plant
Animal
Fungus
Protist Plant Animal
Fungus No

3. Objectives
Develop and use a simple dichotomous key to classify common plants and animals (LS-M-C1)

4. How do we classify organisms?
Scenario: Your grandfather call the shelled organism you found on the beach a quahog. Your mother calls them clams. Your father calls them southern pigtoes. Which name is right?
Scientists have devised a process called classification to group things together based on shared characteristics.
When scientists group living things together, it is called biological classification, or taxonomy

5. The Six Kingdoms
Scientists start by classifying living things, also called organisms, into one of six kingdoms.
A kingdom is the largest group of living things and contains the most organisms.
The six kingdoms are Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia.
Kingdoms divide into smaller and smaller groups, each containing fewer and fewer organisms.
The last two groups of living things are the specific genus and species. A species is the most exact category and contains the fewest organisms. A species is a group of organisms that can breed in the wild and produce fertile offspring (children).

6. Classification of Clam
Examine Figure 18.4 again.
Did you notice how the animals in the model got more similar the closer they were to the center?
This model shows how each classification level becomes more specific in each successive group. There is a wider variety of shell types in a class than in a genus. Clams classified in the same species are the most alike and clams classified in the same class can be very diverse.
Figure 18.4
Classification of Clam

7. When scientists classify a living thing, they give it a scientific name. A scientific name is a Latin name assigned to an organism which represents the genus and species given to the living thing. In this way, scientists clearly identify living things and stop any confusion caused by common names. (Remember clams, quahogs and southern pigtoes?) Now, if someone told you the living thing you were interested in was called Pleurobema georgianum you would know exactly what they were talking about (or at least you could look it up!). Through classification, scientists make it easier to study the millions of different living things found on Earth.
Figure 18.5
Pleurobema georgianu

8. Using a dichotomous key
Objective Develop and use a simple dichotomous key to classify common plants and animals (LS-M-C1)

9. You might be wondering: how do scientists group living things
You might be wondering: how do scientists group living things? How do they know which group each organism belongs in? Well, scientists use several methods to classify living things. One method is by looking at the appearance of the organism. Other qualities used to classify organisms are the organism's DNA or the life cycle of the organism. In the next chapter, we will get some practice classifying living things into different groups.

10. When identifying living things, scientists use a tool called a dichotomous key. A dichotomous key is a series of paired choices that eventually identifies the plant, animal or object. It helps scientists identify unknown living things.
Several of your classmates were discussing their pets. Pets, like other organisms, can be identified with a dichotomous key using physical features, like skeletal structure and body covering. Look at the pictures and identify the class or order for Larry's pet.

11. Horse Tarantua lizard scorpion
. Look at the pictures and identify the class or order for Larry's pet
Flavia’s
Fish turtle bird
Harriet’s
Tammy’s
Larry’s
Sandy’s
Horse Tarantua lizard scorpion

12. Activity 1
Identify the class or order of the pet which you have received
Use your dichotomous key

13. Dichotomous Key Rubric
Student name:
1. Statements are paired.
10 pts
2. Statements are opposite.
3. Statements incorporate scientific vocabulary.
5 pts
4. Classmates could effectively use your key to identify unknown arthropods.
20 pts
5. The key is legible and neat.

14. ACTIVITY 2 Select one shell from the tub.
Carefully examine your shell and record characteristics of your shell in your notebook with words or drawings.
Then, place your shell back into the tub and carefully mix the tub contents. Try to find your shell based on your description.
Try the activity again with a different shell.
Make a dichotomous key to help others identify your shell. Remember, key questions should start out general and get more specific.

15. Activity
These four animals are all related. Go to wikipedia.com and type in each animal name. Then write their binomial scientific name below each common name.
What part of these animals scientific name is the same?
What part is different?
Name some things about the appearance of the four animals that is different.
Name some things about the appearance of the four animals that are similar. Due Monday 3/6/17
Binomial scientific name: two terms are used to name a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the species.

16. Quiz
1. Which of the following questions would be useful when developing a dichotomous key about the rabbits seen here?
A. Does the rabbit have two eyes? C. Does the rabbit have long ears?
B. Does the rabbit have fur? D. Can the rabbit jump?
2. How many choices are used at each step in a dichotomous key?
A B C D
3. In which situation would a scientist use a dichotomous key?
A. identifying the amount of pollution in a lake
B. determining the tectonic shift along a plate boundary
C. identifying an unknown flower
D. identifying the amount of power used in a city

17. 4. What is grouping living things known as?
A. taxonomy C. species
B. groupification D. clams

18. 5. What is grouping living things known as? A. taxonomy C. species
4. This key is used to classify certain kinds of organisms into kingdoms.
According to the key, which kind of organism is multicellular, does not make food and does not have a mouth?
Protist
Plant
Animal
Fungus
Protist Plant Animal No
Fungus
5. What is grouping living things known as?
A. taxonomy C. species
B. groupification D. clams

19. Challenge Question Develop a dichotomous key for classifying things found at the beach. Give it to your lab partner. Then, have them use your new method to classify things found at the beach