1. LT- Today, I can make conclusions about the relationship between organisms by drawing evidence from the scientific classification of organisms.
How are living things classified and what does their classification tell us about them?
Do Now- What are 3 observable characteristics of the images?

2. Which grouping is most specific (organisms have more in common)?
Which grouping is the most general (organisms have less in common)?

3. Crown Cardinal Has wings Has legs Has wings Has 6 legs Bumble bee
Peacock
Dragon fly
Bumble bee
Cardinal
Has legs
Has wings
Has 2 legs
Peacock
Cardinal
Has wings
Has 6 legs
Bumble bee
Dragon fly
Has wings
Has 2 legs
No crown
Peacock
Has wings
Has 2 legs
Crown
Cardinal
Has wings
Has 6 legs
Has a antennae
Bumble bee
Has wings
Has 6 legs
No antennae
Dragon fly

4. Which do you thing are more closely related genetically
Which do you thing are more closely related genetically? Depending on your criteria for classification your animals may

5. The organisms in the lowest subgroups have the most in common
The organisms in the lowest subgroups have the most in common. As you make more subgroups, the more characteristics the organisms will share. The more characteristics the organisms share: the more genes they share the more proteins you share

6. Why are things classified?
To keep things organized
To have an easier time finding/identifying things.
To compare and contrast things
To better understand or learn about things
What are some of the things that we classify?
Imagine a grocery store…
How are they organized?
What would happen if they were not organized?

7. Why do Scientists Classify?
Scientists have named about 1.8 million species thus far. How many more species there are left to discover is a question that has hovered like a cloud over the heads of taxonomists for two centuries. Some taxonomists estimate there are 8.7 million species on the planet, plus or minus 1.3 million. Others say that it could be anywhere from 5 to 100 million.

8. With so many species on the planet, scientists need a classification system to keep track and study all of these species. Classification = process of grouping things based on their similarities Classifying helps them to keep organized! (Easier to study!)

9. Start taking notes
Taxonomy
= the science of grouping and naming organisms
Taxon
= the individual levels of organization are called taxon (taxa is plural)
Organisms are grouped together based on similar structures.
Useful because:
Classification provides organization.
Once classified, living things can more easily be studied.
They can also be understood better (ex) where they live, how they eat, and how organs in their body work, etc.)

10. Put the taxon at you table in order from least specific (less traits in common) to most specific (more traits in common)

11. 7 Levels of Classification
Kingdom broadest level Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species most specific

12. First, Let’s take a look at the two most specific taxa genus and species
Organisms that belong to the same genus are so genetically similar that many different species that belong to the same genus can interbreed and produce offspring, but these offspring are usual infertile or less fertile than the parents.
(examples are ligers (lion and tiger), mule (donkey and horse), wholphin (whale and dolphin), zorse (zebra and horse)
Hybrid species have hybrid alleles but each allele is from a different species.

13. male lion + female tiger= Liger male tiger + female lion= Tigon

14. Zebra + horse= Zorse

15. Serval + domestic cat = Savannah cat

16. Species Members of the same species are almost genetically identical (of course mutations have led to variation) and normally can breed and produce offspring, and normally the offspring are fertile.

17. Who are our closest relatives?

18. The scientific name of a human is Homo sapiens The scientific name of a house cat is Felis catus The scientific name of a wolf is Canis lupus What do you notice about these names? Why do scientists use scientific names?

20. Devil Cat

21. Ghost Cat

22. Mountain Lion

23. Puma

24. Florida Panther

25. Cougar

26. Is the animal different in the last 7 slides?
If you say no…… you are correct!!!! There are at least 50 names for this animal. Common names vary according to region. This animals scientific name is Felis concolor or F. concolor no matter where you are in the world.

27. This problem was solved by a scientist named Carl Linnaeus
This problem was solved by a scientist named Carl Linnaeus. He was one of the most influential scientists of his time. His theory of classification allowed for clear and easy descriptions of plants, animals and minerals. So straightforward was his new naming system, it is still used by scientists today.

28. How do scientists name organisms
How do scientists name organisms? The Binomial Nomenclature is used: “Binomial” = two-name “Nomenclature” = naming system Language: Latin Organisms are identified by their genus name first and species name second Ex) Humans = Homo sapiens This eliminates the confusion of using common names.

29. Dichotomous Key or Taxonomic Key
A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the scientific name of organisms in the natural world, such as trees, wildflowers, mammals, reptiles, rocks, and fish.
A dichotomous key categorizes species using logical choices.
Observable descriptions are used to make choices.

30. How do we use a dichotomous key. 1. a. Organism is living. go to 4. 1
How do we use a dichotomous key? 1. a. Organism is living go to b. Organism is nonliving go to a. Object is metallic go to b. Object is nonmetallic ROCK. 3. a. Object has wheels BICYCLE. 3. b. Object does not have wheels TIN CAN.