1. Lighting Design: Energy Efficient Lighting Design:
Ways to Make the Right Choices
Sanford Lighting Design
Palo Alto, CA

2. How do you decide how to light your space?
Assess how much general light you need for the space
Consider visual tasks and where you need light
Determine what highlighting and other lighting techniques you can use to enhance the space
Compare energy efficiencies and choose a source
Choose a color temperature and confirm the color rendering index
Consider where the light is going and choose an appropriate fixture type
Select the right auxiliary devices, if needed, for the lighting fixtures you are using
Sanford Lighting Design

3. Energy Efficiency - Terms
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Energy Efficiency - Terms
Lumens
Output is the measure luminous flux (F) - the total amount of light energy emitted from a source.
It is expressed in lumens.
Wattage
Power is measured in watts (W) - the rate at which energy is used.
Efficacy = lumens per watt
Efficacy is lighting efficiency, measured in amount of output in lumens per watt.

4. Use of Electrical Power
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Use of Electrical Power
1000W = 1kW Energy use is measured in amount of power used over time. Measured in Whrs (Watt-hours) or in kWhrs

5. Light Efficiency (efficacy)
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Light Efficiency (efficacy)
The values of lumens or lumens per watt (lpw) are often displayed on a package.
Like gas mileage, the measurement of light efficacy is similar to miles per gallon. The higher the number the more efficient the light source.
Standard incandescent A-lamp
LED
960 lumens/8W
= 120 lpw
1190 lumens/75W
= 15.8 lpw

6. Luminous Flux Sample list of average lumens for traditional sources
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Luminous Flux
Sample list of average lumens for traditional sources
32 W

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Comparisons
13 lpw
18.6 lpw
65 lpw
72.2 lpw

8. White light – Color Temperature
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White light – Color Temperature
C C T – Correlated color temperature is the color of a light expressed in degrees K.
Light sources that are called “white” can have a range of color temperatures.
In residences, they usually are between 2700K and 4000K.

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Color temperature
Many sources, such as CFLs and LEDs come in a variety of colors.

10. Color rendering index (CRI)
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Color rendering index (CRI)
The Color Rendering Index (CRI) measures how well colors are rendered compared to a reference light source on a comparative scale, from 0 –100.
By definition, daylight has a CRI of 100.
At lower brightnesses, the incandescent and halogen sources by definition have a CRI of 100.
The CRI is critical for distinguishing color, or when you want to show skin tones accurately.

11. California’s Title 24 Compliance
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California’s Title 24 Compliance
Minimum efficacy is established
CRI must be 90 or higher
CCT of 2700K to 4000K

12. What do you want to light? Step 1 - Consider your general lighting
Lighting a vertical surface
gives a sense of brightness
Recessed downlighting is often
the most basic lighting technique
Sanford Lighting Design

13. Step 2
Apply high-impact techniques: Accent Wall-washing Niches and shelves Grazing Uplighting Patterns Exterior views
Randall Whitehead
Sanford Lighting Design

14. Apply high-impact techniques: Accent
Sanford Lighting Design

15. Apply high-impact techniques: Wall-washing
Chanel Encore
2010 IALD Award Winner,
Fisher Marantz, Stone
Las Vegas, NV
Sanford Lighting Design

16. Apply high-impact techniques: Grazing
Grazing exaggerates texture.
Sanford Lighting Design

17. Apply high-impact techniques: Wall-washing vs grazing
Sanford Lighting Design

18. Apply high-impact techniques: Niches and shelves
From above, point source
From above, linear source
Sanford Lighting Design

19. Apply high-impact techniques: Niches and shelves
From below,
linear source
From above and below,
to light glass
Sanford Lighting Design

20. Apply high-impact techniques: Niches and shelves
From above,
point sources too
spread out
Sanford Lighting Design

21. Apply high-impact techniques: Uplighting
Sanford Lighting Design

22. Apply high-impact techniques: Patterns
Pattern based on beam layout
Pattern roughly along cabinets
Sanford Lighting Design

23. Apply high-impact techniques: Exterior views
Creates a larger
visual space
Sanford Lighting Design

24. How Much Light Do You Need?
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How Much Light Do You Need?
Depends on room size, ceiling height, reflectances of surfaces, quantities of fixtures

25. Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
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Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
Incandescents, including halogens, produce light with a glowing filament. They have excellent color, short lives, and use energy to generate heat, making them inefficient light sources.

26. Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
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Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
Fluorescents and compact fluorescents (CFLs) have electrodes that generate a high voltage to create a mercury vapor, and emit ultraviolet light.
The ultraviolet light strikes a phosphorescent coating on the inside of the bulb and causes it to glow with visible light.
Benefits: Low cost High efficacy Long life. Color emitted from the lamp: From mixture of phosphors On the inside of the lamp.

27. Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
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Light Sources are tending towards LEDs
LEDs (light emitting diodes) generate light by passing current over an diode, a two terminal electronic component that looks like a tiny metal plate.
They are extremely compact and durable with a 50,000 – 100,000 hour life or longer.

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White and Colored LEDs
New developments produced a white LED with the inclusion of a phosphorescent inner coating, similar to a fluorescent lamp.
These are sometimes referred to as phosphor based white LEDs.
There are white LEDs, RGB (red, green, blue) LEDs, RGBW (red, green, blue, white) LEDs and RGBWA (includes amber) LEDS.
All have increasing lpw values, improving output and controls.

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LED
As an alternative to multitudes of small LEDs, lamps were developed with much larger LED modules. Known as high power LED (HPLED) they greatly increase the amount of emitted light but introduce a major heat issue. Diodes are very sensitive to heat and will fail in seconds if too hot. This problem is solved a number of ways; heat sinks, heat distribution fins and even tiny fans. All this technology increases the cost of each lamp.

30. LEDs need drivers LEDs require drivers to operate.
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LEDs need drivers
LEDs require drivers to operate.
They take an incoming alternating voltage (usually a range, and should include 120V) and change it to a constant current lower voltage the LEDs need. (usually 12V or 24V)

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LEDs need drivers
Drivers are often alongside the fixture, provided as part of the installation.

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LEDs need drivers
Most dedicated LED fixtures will state the characteristics of the integrated LED driver.

33. Lighting Design – what do you need to do?
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Lighting Design – what do you need to do?
Think about your specific application, and
Consider the
distribution
Consider the
output
Consider the
color

34. Making Fixture Choices
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Making Fixture Choices
Replacement lamps
Uses existing fixtures and lamp bases

35. Making Fixture Choices
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Making Fixture Choices
Recessed downlight trims that include the LEDs can replace existing trims and keep existing housing.
Fixture locations remain the same.
Choose appropriate aperture (opening) size, fixed or adjustable, output, color, beam spread, trim

36. Making Fixture Choices- Recessed downlights
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Making Fixture Choices- Recessed downlights
New lighting locations, new fixtures and IC (insulated ceiling) rating for residential

37. Making Fixture Choices - Sconces
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Making Fixture Choices - Sconces
Glare could be an issue

38. Making Fixture Choices – Linear lights
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Making Fixture Choices – Linear lights

39. Making Fixture Choices – Linear lights
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Making Fixture Choices – Linear lights
Under cabinet lights make the
cabinet look like it’s floating

40. Making Fixture Choices Undercabinet tasks
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Making Fixture Choices Undercabinet tasks
Hide fixtures under cabinets where tasks take place.

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Controls
Drivers are usually dimmable. Each driver type must be compatible with the dimmer type on the wall or the automated control system.
It is important to check the dimming protocol for each dimmable driver.
Often a replacement LED lamp or recessed trim assumes the input will be from an incandescent residential dimmer. But some companies have products that work with a variety of sources and drivers.

42. Controls – Protocols for dimming LED drivers
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Controls – Protocols for dimming LED drivers
Compatibility
Technical paper
1000.bulbs

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Thank you! Questions?