1. HISTORY 103
The Global Cold War

2. Focus Questions How did the Cold War develop?
What was Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)?
In what ways was the Cold War actually about hot war?

3. Cold War bi-polar world stand-off between USA and USSR: result:
ideological
Economic
military
result:
competition: technological, information, economic
proxy wars
First World v. Third World
theatres for ‘hot’ wars

4. Nuclear stand-off 1950s 1949 USSR atomic capability
1954: Bikini Atoll test USA (hydrogen bomb)
1955: USSR hydrogen bomb
Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)
kept Cold War cold?

5. Controlling nuclear capacity
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty 1963
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1969 (USA, USSR, China, France, UK):
NATO shared weapons with allies
global placement
UN, Geneva Conventions: nuclear weaponry = violation law of war
Israel (1967?), India 1974, Pakistan 1998, North Korea 2006

7. Global domination
UN: General Assembly and Security Council (USA, USSR, China, UK, France + 10 others, power of veto)
military pacts: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation 1949 (NATO), Warsaw Pact 1955, regional blocs (eg ANZUS, SEATO)
economic domination (global trade): World Trade Organisation (WTO), International Monetary Fund (IMF): creation ‘Third World’ v. ‘First World’

10. Proxy wars Chinese Cultural Revolution 1949:
Mao Zedong
rise of ‘red world’
domino effect
South America: juntas, dictatorships
Middle East:
est. Israel 1948
Arab-Israeli conflicts
Decolonisation:
Asia: Indonesia, Malaya, Phillipines, India, Pakistan, Korea, Vietnam
Africa: Pan Africanism, Algeria
Ireland: IRA

12. Korean War 1950 - 1953 end Japanese imperial control (since 1905)
two oppositional authoritarian regimes: civil war
Cold War divide
38th parallel
fears of WWIII: limited war
technology: amphibious, helicopters, frontline war, massacres
armistice: 3 million dead
firmed Cold War

13. Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962: Kruschev v. Kennedy
USSR moved nuclear warheads to Cuba
USA moved nuclear warheads to Turkey and Europe
local context: US-Cuba relations since Spanish-American War 1898
closest point to MAD

14. Vietnam War, 1960s - 1972 French colonial rule: war 1950s 1954 zones:
north Communist Viet Cong (National Liberation Front)
south Vietnamese with French support
civil war
Cold War frontier
1964 USA at war (+ allies)
no frontlines: everywhere war, technological war

15. Vietnam War, 1960s - 1972 Operation Rolling Thunder:
Tet Offensive 1968
anti-war voices: critique of US involvement, critique of power
1972 USA ‘slips’ out of war