1. AP World History Unit 6
1900-present

2. Advances in science Assisted by development of new technology
Spread throughout the world
Problem of geographic distance virtually eliminated by new modes of communication and transportation

3. Advances in science The Green Revolution
Produced food for earth’s growing population
Spread chemically, genetically enhanced forms of agriculture

4. Advances in science
Medical innovations increased the ability of humans to survive.
Polio Vaccine, 
Antibiotics 
Artificial heart 

5. Advances in science
Energy technologies increased production of material goods.
Oil
Nuclear power

6. Humans and the environment
Global population expanded at unprecedented rate
Humans fundamentally changed relationship with environment.
Human activity contributed to
Deforestation
Desertification,
Increased consumption of fresh water and clean air
Humans competed over resources more intensely than ever
Greenhouse gases, other pollutants contributed to debates about nature, causes of climate change

7. Disease, Science and Demographic shifts
Diseases associated with poverty persisted
Malaria
Cholera, 
Tuberculosis 
Other epidemics emerged as threats to human survival
1918 Flu 
HIV/AIDS 
Ebola

8. Disease, Science and Demographic shifts
Changing lifestyles, increased longevity led to higher incidence of certain diseases
Diabetes
Heart Disease
Alzheimer's Disease
More effective birth control 
Gave women greater control over fertility
Transformed sexual practices

9. Disease, Science and Demographic shifts
Improved military technology
Tanks
Airplanes
Atomic Bombs 
New tactics
Trench Warfare
Firebombing
Increased levels of wartime casualties
Nanjing
Dresden
Hiroshima

10. The Global political order
Dominated by Europe at beginning of 20th Century
Both land-based and transoceanic empires gave way
New forms of transregional political organization began by end of century

11. The Global political order
Older land-based empires (Ottoman, Russian, Qing) collapsed due to several factors
Internal: Economic hardship, political and social discontent, technological stagnation
External: Military defeat
Sun Yat-Sen became leader of China after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty

12. The Global political order
Some colonies negotiated indepen dence
India and Gold Coast/Ghana from British Empire 
Some colonies achieved independence through armed struggle 
Algeria and Vietnam from France, 
Angola from Portuguese Empire).

14. Anti-Imperialism Ideologies
Contributed to dissolution of empires, restructuring of states
Nationalist leaders in Asia, Africa challenged imperial rule
Mohandas Gandhi (India)
Ho Chi Minh (Vietnam)
Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)

15. Anti-Imperialism Ideologies
Regional, religious, and ethnic movements challenged colonial rule, inherited imperial boundaries
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Quebecois separatist movement
Biafra secessionist Movement

16. Anti-Imperialism Ideologies
Transnational movements sought to unite people across national boundaries
Communism 
Pan-africanism
Pan-arabism
Land redistribution movements developed in Africa, Asia, Latin America
Some advocated communism, socialism

17. Consequences of political change
Populations resettled due to redrawing of old colonial boundaries
Division of middle east into Mandates
India/Pakistan Partition 
Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine 

18. Consequences of political change
Migration of former colonial subjects to imperial centers led to continued ties after dissolution of empires
South Asians to Britain
Algerians to France
Filipinos to the United States

19. Consequences of political change
Conflicts led to ethnic violence
Armenia
Holocaust 
Cambodia
Rwanda 
Displacement of peoples resulted in refugee populations
Palestinians 
Darfurians

20. “Total War” World War I and World War II were first “total wars.”
Mobilization of ALL of a state’s resources for war
Used peoples in home countries and colonies (or former colonies)
Military conscription
Gurkha soldiers from Nepal 
ANZAC troops from Australia

21. Global Military Conflicts
After WWII, U.S. and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers
Center of global ideological struggles between capitalism and communism
The “Cold War” resulted in:
New military alliances – NATO (U.S. and allies) and the Warsaw Pact (Soviets and allies)
Proxy wars - Latin America, Africa, Asia

22. Individuals and Groups
Some promoted alternatives to Cold War
Ho Chi Minh 
Mao Zedong
Non-aligned movement
Some opposed existing economic, political, and social orders
Anti-apartheid movement - South Africa
Global uprisings of 1968 - capitalist and socialist countries
Tiananmen Square protesters – China

23. Individuals and Groups
States responded to the proliferation of conflicts
“Military Industrial Complex,” weapons trading
Military dictatorships in Spain, Uganda
U.S. “New World Order” after Cold War
Movements used violence against civilians to achieve aims
Irish Republican Army (IRA) 
ETA (Basque separatist group)
Al Qaeda

24. Responses to economic challenges
Communist states controlled the national economies
Soviet Union – Five Year Plans
China – Great Leap Forward
Governments in U.S., Europe played minimal role in economies
Took more active role during Great Depression
New Deal
Fascist Corporate Economy (State-managed national corporations)

25. Responses to economic challenges
After WWII, newly independent states promoted development
Nasser – Egypt
Export-oriented economies – East Asia
During Cold War, governments promoted economic liberalization (free market economy)
U.S. – Reagan
Great Britain – Thatcher
China – Deng Xiaoping
Chile - Pinochet

26. Global interdependence
New international governing organizations formed to maintain world peace
League of Nations
United Nations
International Criminal Court

27. Global interdependence
Changing economic institutions and regional trade agreements reflected the spread of free market-economies
Economic Institutions
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
Multinational Corporations
Regional Trade Agreements
European Union
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
Mercosur (Mercado Común del Sur – Southern Common Market)

28. Global interdependence
Movements protested environmental, economic consequences of global integration
Greenpeace
Green Belt Movement (Kenya)
Earth Day

29. Race, Class, Gender, Religion
People began to think differently about society, culture
Discussions of rights challenged old assumptions
UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Children, women, refugees
Global Feminism movements
Negritude (French African literary) movement
Liberation theology (Latin America)
Islamic Renewal movements (Egypt, Saudi Arabia)

30. Race, Class, Gender, Religion
Education, politics, professions became more inclusive
Suffrage granted to women
US (1920)
Brazil (1932)
Turkey (1934)
Japan (1945)
India (1947)
Morocco (1963)

31. Race, Class, Gender, Religion
Increase in female literacy rates, numbers of women in higher education
U.S. Civil Rights Act of 1964/ Voting Rights Act of 1965
End of apartheid in South Africa
India’s 1949 constitution prohibits caste-based discrimination

32. Popular and consumer culture
Became global (thanks to instant communication)
Reggae
Bollywood
World cup soccer
Olympics