1. AIM: HOW DID GANDHI HELP INDIA OBTAIN ITS INDEPENDENCE?

2. “In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place.“
“Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.” 
“In matters of conscience, the law of majority
has no place.“
Explain the meaning of these quotes.

3. I. INDIA’S INVOLVEMENT IN WWI
1.The Indians supported Britain in WWI.
: When the war was over India wanted to become independent like other colonies, Gandhi began to speak out against British rule.

4. II. AMRITSAR MASSACRE
1. Indian nationalists held a PEACEFUL PROTEST. The protesters were unarmed and were slaughtered by the British, killing 379 and wounding 1,137 people. The British imposed a strict crackdown on opposition to its rule and they sent Gandhi to prison.
2. Indians from all over joined the MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE, Britain now opposed any opposition.

5. III. INDIAN NATIONALISM
1. Gandhi now known as Mahatma or “great soul”, preached the POLICY of NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE/CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE to British authority.
2. Mohandas Gandhi had become a national figure by supporting PASSIVE RESISTANCE. He and his followers used PROTESTS, BOYCOTTS OF IMPERIAL GOODS, AND STRIKES.
3. The British attempted to make minor reforms but Indians were not satisfied. Fighting between Hindus and Muslims also escalated. Gandhi pleaded for INDIAN UNITY, while others demanded a DIVISION OF INDIA.

6. IV. GREAT SALT MARCH
1.NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE TO BRITISH AUTHORITY.
2.Britain imposed a HEAVY TAX on the SALT they sold to India.
3.Gandhi led 50,000 people on a 200 MILE MARCH to the SEASHORE.

7. 4.People began to make SALT ILLEGALLY by DRYING OUT SEAWATER.
5.When the British arrived, GANDHI ALLOWED HIMSELF TO BE ARRESTED PEACEFULLY.
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8. V. MOVEMENT FOR PEACE
1.GANDHI and JAWAHARLAL NEHRU pressed the British for greater reform.
the British granted a CONSTITUTION.
Gandhi and Nehru began their QUIT INDIA CAMPAIGN.
3. The start of WWII delayed the British withdrawal. India would obtain its INDEPENDENCE in 1947, & in 1948 Gandhi was shot dead by a Hindu extremist Nathuram Godse .

12. VI. PROBLEMS AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1. After WWII Hindus and Muslims were killing each other, Gandhi promoted a UNITED INDIA (Hindu and Muslims ruling together).
2. India was divided into thirds: India in the south and a Muslim state Pakistan into two parts (West Pakistan and East Pakistan) East Pakistan would become Bangladesh.
3. After the partition, millions of people shifted to live where their RELIGION was DOMINANT. Hundreds of thousands of people were also killed.
4. The nations are still fighting today especially in KASHMIR . Both India and Pakistan are now NUCLEAR POWERS, making the area extremely dangerous.

13. VII. INDIAN LEADERSIP AFTER GANDHI
1. JAWAHARLAL NEHRU became the first PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA, and he led the country for 17 years.
2. His NEW NATION and PAKISTAN, however, quickly fell to war over the state of KASHMIR. It bordered both countries, with a HINDU RULER and LARGE MUSLIM POPULATION.
3. Conflict over this state continues today, Nehru tried to reform Indian society.

15. 4. Nehru hoped to improve the status of the lower castes and of women
4. Nehru hoped to improve the status of the lower castes and of women. Shortly after he died in 1964, his daughter, INDIRA GANDHI, became PRIME MINISTER. She took steps to INCREASE FOOD PRODUCTION. In 1984, she ordered an attack on SIKH REBELS. A few months later, she was killed by Sikhs.