1. Pinhole Camera

2. * Making of Pinhole Camera
Index :-
* Introduction
* Making of Pinhole Camera

3. Introduction
A pinhole camera is a camera without a lens. An extremely small hole takes its place, which should be in very thin material. An image's light from a scene passes through this single point, and because there is no lens, the image will be clear at all distances from the pinhole. The smaller the hole, the sharper the image, but the more exposure will be required. Also, in order to produce a reasonably clear image, the ratio of the pinhole, or aperture, size to the distance between it and the screen should be 1/100 or less. The shutter of a pinhole camera is usually manually operated because of the lengthy times, and consists of a flap of some light-proof material to cover and uncover the pinhole.
The image may be projected on a translucent screen for real-time viewing or can expose film or a charge coupled device (CCD). Pinhole cameras with CCDs are sometimes used for surveillance work because of their small size.

4. Making Of Pinhole Camera

5. Making the pinhole camera may not take very much time, but it is important to work with care so that the camera will function properly in later use…
1. Start with a box or other suitable container which is relatively sturdy and easily sealed. Decide where you are going to put the pinhole, where you are going to put the film, and how you will load the film into the camera. The film will be about 4 inches x 5 inches in size. There is a piece of paper in your tool kit which shows the size of the film. The film must be located opposite from the pinhole. If your box is smaller than 4 x 5 inches, the film can be cut to a smaller size. If your box is larger than about 8 inches on a side, you may need to construct an inner cardboard wall to hold the film.

6. 2. Make an opening 1/2 inch x 1/2 inch to hold the pinhole
2. Make an opening 1/2 inch x 1/2 inch to hold the pinhole. This should not be larger than 1/2 inch x 1/2 inch or you will not be able to do the next step. Measure with a ruler. If working with a metal container such as a coffee can punch a hole 1/8 inch in diameter or larger using a hammer and a nail.

7. 3. Obtain a piece of yellow brass sheet. Be careful the edges are sharp.
4. Make a pinhole in the brass sheet with the needle. Hold the brass against the metal base in the tool kit. Push the needle through the brass and pull it out. The idea is to make a nice round hole that is exactly the size of the needle. Do not tear the brass. If you have problems with this step ask for help.

8. 5. Using the black tape, attach the brass sheet with the pinhole to your camera. Be sure the brass sheet is well-sealed on all sides. Also make sure the pinhole is visible from inside the box. The pinhole must be visible from the film location.

9. 6. Carefully seal as much of the box as possible using aluminum foil
6. Carefully seal as much of the box as possible using aluminum foil. First seal over the corners and obvious cracks and openings using duct tape. Of course leave a method to load the film. Put the foil everywhere possible on the outside and seal around the pinhole. It might be useful to imagine that you are gift wrapping a present. Do not put any foil on the inside. It is absolutely essential to have a well-sealed box without any light leaks. The most likely source of problems is light leaking into the box. See the instructor for guidance if you have any questions.

10. 7. Fashion a shutter over the pinhole using a piece of aluminum foil
7. Fashion a shutter over the pinhole using a piece of aluminum foil. Cut a piece of foil 6 inches x 3 inches. Fold this in half so it is 3 x 3 inches. Attach this as a flap over your pinhole. Tape securely at the top of the flap above the pinhole. At the bottom of the flap put one small piece of tape which is just sufficient to hold the flap down. Put a piece of plastic packing tape over the foil below the pinhole. This will help to keep the foil from being ripped by the tape holding the shutter closed. Remember you will need to be able to open and close the shutter to take your picture.

11. 8. If your camera is made of some kind of shiny metal (like a coffee can), line the inside with black construction paper. This keeps internal reflections from exposing the film.
9. Calculate the "f-stop" of your camera. This will be used in determining the exposure time. Measure the distance from the pinhole to the location of the film. It is easiest to do this in centimeters. In a camera the "f-stop" is the ratio of the lens focal length to the lens diameter. For the pinhole camera this will be the distance from the pinhole to the film location. In this case the "lens" is the pinhole. The diameter of the pinhole is .06 cm..

12. 10. Make a piece of aluminum foil to serve as a final cover over your box. This sheet should cover the entire top of the box. It should also fold down about 1 inch over the four edges (but not interfere with the shutter). Obtain a rubber band to hold this aluminum cover sheet in place.

13. 11. Your camera is now almost ready to go. Things that will be checked:
Brass sheet sealed on all edges.
Pinhole visible from inside the box
Box light tight.
Film location accessible.
Shutter to block pinhole functions properly.
Aluminum cover ready………
When done, proceed to the film loading room to load the film into your camera & then your camera is ready to be used…………………

14. Thank You