1. Current issues in sport
History of Sport

2. Aim and Purpose
This unit enables learners to explore the history of sport, the key issues in modern UK sport and the factors that prevent sport and exercise participation

3. Assignments
Development and organisation of a selected sport in the UK (P1, M1)
Know how media and technology influence modern sport (P2, P3, M2, M3)
Know how contemporary issues affect sport (P4, M4, D1)
Understand the cultural influences and barriers that affect participation in sports activities (P5, P6, P7, M5, D2)

4. Learning Outcomes
To achieve a pass you must be able to describe the development of sport in the UK
To achieve a merit you will be able explain the development of sport in the UK

5. Timeline Popular recreation Public schools Rational recreation
State schools

6. What you need to learn? What is popular recreation?
What are the characteristics of popular recreation?
Examples of popular recreation
The difference between upper and working class
Why popular recreation declined?

7. Popular Recreation
Popular recreation was recreation undertaken by the working class for fun during festival days because they had lots of free time

8. Why did popular recreation happen?
Popular recreation was for the working class
They had lots of free time due to
low employment levels
no compulsory schooling
Lots of feast days and holy days where villages would hold celebrations, festivals and market days
Wide expanses of rural ground to play on

9. Pre-Industrial Britain
Limited transport
Limited communication
Class system – working class and upper class very different living conditions
Widespread illiteracy
Feast days and holy days
Lots of free time

10. Examples of Popular Recreation?
Swimming /bathing in rivers
Running (athletics/pedestrianism)
Fist fighting
Hunting
Cock fighting
Bull fighting
Mob football – probably the most popular and most well documented

11. Characteristics of Popular Recreation
Few, non-strict rules
No National Governing Bodies
No space/time/kit/player restrictions
Played irregularly (holidays & festivals)
Played in rural areas
Competition not organised
Little skill involved

12. Characteristics of Popular Recreation mob games
Mob games were mostly played by the lower classes on holydays and festivals
Each town or village would have its own unique tradition (each village was different) of unwritten rules, and games were played according to custom
Most of the population could not read or write, so a verbal tradition of how to play the games was used, and there was very little formal publicity about games - word of mouth arranged the games

13. Mob football
Mob football (a pig’s bladder was kicked - mostly) is probably the most documented type of mob game - with variations hitting with sticks or carrying the bladder

15. Mob Football Today Shrovetide Mob Football
Reconstructed at Ashbourne (Derbyshire) each year

16. Shrovetide
The Game is played every Shrove Tuesday and Ash Wednesday, and consists of two teams, one from anyone born to the North of the River Henmore, and one from people born South of the river, these are known as Up'ards and Down'ards
The goals are on the sites of Old Cornmills, one being at Sturston, and one being at Clifton, these places being three miles apart! This may sound quite excessive in itself, but another hazard is the fact that the goal posts and a considerable amount of the game is in the cold waters of the River Henmore
A goal is scored by a player striking the mill wheel three times with the ball, as the mills are now derelict new posts have been built in the river by the mills
Before the game is played about 400 guests meet for lunch and speeches at the Green Man and Black's Head Royal Hotel, before the game commences at 2:00pm when the ball is "turned up" on the Shaw Croft Car Park
Mob Football Today

17. The Two Goals
The Clifton Goal
The Sturston Goal

18. History of football quiz
Which kit was NOT essential in 1872: Goalkeeper Jersey, Knickerbockers, a cap or a bobble hats?
When a crossbar became essential in football, how was it represented?
Which year we penalty kicks introduced? 1865, 1876, 1891 or 1901
Nearly 100 years after the introduction of football, something happened which was for the first time ever, what was it?
What did referees use to stop play prior to whistles been introduced?

19. History of football quiz
When was the pass back rule brought in? 1989, 1992, 1994
The forth official hasn’t always been a feature of football, when were they introduced? 1925, 1965, 1985, 1995
Which World Cup was the first to employ the yellow & red card rule? 1962, 1966, 1970 or 1974?

20. Answers GK Jersey String 1891 Substitution (1958) White hanky 1992
1995
1970

21. Popular recreation
People were taking part in recreation all across the country
Different activities took place depending on the facilities available
The activities that took place at the facilities were different depending on the class of people using them
For example, pools were used by both the upper and lower classes however, where as the upper class used them to learn to swim, the lower classes used them to wash and bath for hygiene reasons

22. Swimming/Bathing
In the middle ages, towns were built around rivers which were used for:
Bathing
Washing
Transport for food
Defence against attack
Fun
When the water froze, activities such as skating

23. Swimming/Bathing

24. Pedestrianism
Gentry
Sponsored peasants, employed footmen as messengers and had them competing in running (paid well)
Athletic success = gentlemen’s social standing. Large bets placed by all social groups

25. Class differences in popular recreation

26. Decline in mob games
As the 19th Century continued, there become a decline in mob games for many reasons
Banned by authorities as they were seen as unpopular with middle class
Damage to the land and to properties
Lack of space in urban areas – industrial revolution started to build factories
Need for disciplined workforce – didn't want working class to take time off work due to injuries
losing holy days and increased working hours led to a lack of free time
Middle class encouraged rational forms of recreation- factory and church teams, all playing by the same rules
Rationalising - Civilising of society was an on-going process
Developed in public schools – melting pot of ideas and the rules written down and shared with all

27. The end of the 19th Century
Social and cultural factors affecting sport
Industrial revolution
Overall less time for recreation due to work
Better recreational facilities due to the health benefits
Allowed to play – social control
Transport = away fixtures and competitions between other villages/towns, factories or churches
Public schools and universities
Wrote down the rules – rationalised the sport
Codification – created NGBs