1. Review- Quiz 2 Two-dimensional design
Art Major II

2. Positive and Negative Space
Space is an Element of Art created simply by drawing an object on a page.
Positive space is filled by an object or element.
Negative space surrounds the positive space.

3. Types of Space Plastic or Deep/Infinite Space
Decorative or Shallow Space
Decorative: has little to no depth
Shallow: Confined, limited space in an artwork
Plastic or Deep/Infinite Space
Plastic: has a 3D feel by creating a sense of depth far beyond the picture frame
Deep/Infinite: feels limitless

4. The Gestalt Principles of Perception
Review- Quiz 2
The Gestalt Principles of Perception
Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole.”
It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s that attempt to describe how people organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes when certain principles are applied. These principles are:
Figure/Ground Relationships
Similarity
Proximity
Closure
Continuity
Area
Art Major II

5. Figure/Ground Relationships
Review- Quiz 2
Figure/Ground Relationships
The pictorial relationship between positive and negative spaces in an art work. Helps the viewer identify the figure (or foreground) from the background.
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

6. Review- Quiz 2
Similarity
Viewers tend to group together objects that share the same characteristics such as shape, size, color, texture, and value
An object can be emphasized if it is dissimilar to the others. This is called anomaly (see example to the right)
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

7. Review- Quiz 2
Proximity
Occurs when elements are placed close together. They tend to be perceived as a group.
The nine squares above are placed without proximity. They are perceived as separate shapes.
When the squares are given close proximity, unity occurs. While they continue to be separate shapes, they are now perceived as one group.
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

8. Review- Quiz 2
Closure
The idea that the brain will fill in any extraneous information which is not present in the image.
Occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

9. Review- Quiz 2
Continuity
The idea that the eye will continue to look in a direction in which it is pushed by the forms and shapes present.
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

10. Review- Quiz 2
Area
The smaller of 2 overlapping objects is seen as the foreground. The larger is seen as the background.
Gestalt Theory
You likely see the smaller squares as the foreground in both cases.
Art Major II

11. Spatial Indicators
The following strategies allow an artist to manipulate the viewer’s perception of space in an artwork:
Size
Sharpness
Location / Placement
Overlapping
Interpenetration
Converging Parallels (linear perspective)

12. Size As objects move back in space, they appear to get smaller
Review- Quiz 2
Size
As objects move back in space, they appear to get smaller
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

13. Review- Quiz 2
Sharpness
As objects move back in space, they appear to get softer, or blurry (out of focus)
This effect is also commonly referred to as atmospheric perspective
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

14. Review- Quiz 2
Location / Placement
As objects move up the picture plane they appear to recede, or, as objects move towards the horizon they appear to recede
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

15. Overlapping Objects in front will block objects behind
Review- Quiz 2
Overlapping
Objects in front will block objects behind
Overlap will trump (override) the other indicators, so keep that in mind!
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

16. Review- Quiz 2
Interpenetration
When one object passes through another and emerges on the other side
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

17. Review- Quiz 2
Converging Parallels
Opposite edges will move towards each other; converging lines often indicate the angle of view
This is really just linear perspective!!!
Gestalt Theory
Art Major II

18. Review- Quiz 2 PORTRAITURE
Art Major II

19. Quiz #2- Review
Portraits
Portrait- a likeness of a person, especially of the face, as a painting, drawing, or photograph. Usually depicts the person from the shoulders-up
3 Main Views:
Drawing

20. History of Portraiture
Quiz #2- Review
History of Portraiture
Ancient Times – Renaissance Period
Idealized or religious portraits
Renaissance Period – Baroque Period
More realistic; captured moments in one’s life
Drawing

21. History of Portraiture
Quiz #2- Review
History of Portraiture
Baroque Period -
Flemish and German masters like Van Dyke developed the three-quarter and frontal portrait types
Baroque Period – 20th Century
Self-portraiture became popularized by Rembrandt, who created 80+ self-portraits throughout his life; Artists like Van Gogh followed
Drawing

22. Notable Portrait Artists
Quiz #2- Review
Notable Portrait Artists
Anthony van Dyck
Rembrandt (created 80+ self-portraits!)
Thomas Sully
Vincent Van Gogh
Mary Cassatt
Alice Bailly
Rene Magritte
Andy Warhol
Chuck Close
Drawing

23. Quiz #2- Review
Facial Proportions
Drawing

24. Unit 7- Drawing the Human Form: Portraits
Rendering a Portrait
Consider your light source. The bone structure of the face reflects light (cheek bones, nose, chin), leaving shadows in the eye sockets, nostrils, under the lower lip, and on the neck.
Faces are rounded forms with smooth textures. Therefore, you should render with transitional value shading if you are going for realism

25. Review- Quiz 2 WATERCOLORS
Art Major II

26. Color Medium- Watercolors
Painting Concepts
Color Medium- Watercolors
What are they?
Water soluble paint packaged in tubes or dry to semi-moist cakes
Semi-Permanent
Pros: Easy clean-up, low odor, accessible / cheap, non-toxic

27. Painting Concepts
Review- Techniques
Masking- block out areas of the paper with frisket, thereby retaining the white of the paper
Wash- filling in the background by wetting the paper and then painting

28. Painting Concepts
Review- Techniques
Glazing- layering colors on top of one-another to build up depth and modify color; bottom layers must be dry before glazing
Underpainting- using Paynes Gray to add shadows, then glazing over that layer with color

29. Expressive Watercolor Techniques
Painting Concepts
Expressive Watercolor Techniques
Dripping / Bleeding- like wet-on-wet; creates abstract and expressive effects
Blowing- usually done with a straw; enables interesting color blending

30. Expressive Watercolor Techniques
Painting Concepts
Expressive Watercolor Techniques
Spraying- creating a misting effect, like with a spray bottle
Splattering- flinging paint at the canvas with a brush to create small splatters