1. 18th Century Art
Chapter 26

2. 18th Century Art Periods
Rococo – characterized by pastel colors, delicately curving forms, dainty figures, and a light-hearted mood.
Neoclassicism – arose in reaction to Rococo, with a resurgence of classical influence, served as important way to convey Enlightenment ideas.
Romanticism – reaction against Enlightenment. Applauds imagination, emotions, individuality, and subjectivity.

3. Enlightenment
“was a cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th-century Europe, that sought to mobilize the power of reason, in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted science and intellectual interchange and opposed superstition, intolerance and abuses in church and state.”

4. Rococo Pastel colors Curving forms Dainty figures Lighthearted moods
Began in French architectural decoration around 1715.

6. Rococo Painters Jean-Antoine Watteau François Boucher
Jean-Siméon Chardin
Jean-Honoré Fragonard

7. Jean-Antoine Watteau Epitomizes French Rococo style Pilgrimage to the
Island of Cythera, 1717
Oil on canvas
Verdant landscape
Lavishly dressed
couples with putti.
Mythical island of
love.

8. The Signboard of Gersaint, 1721. A sign for an art dealer’s shop
The Signboard of Gersaint, A sign for an art dealer’s shop. Sold 15 days after installation, later cut in two. Re-united in 20th century.
Depicts salon-style gallery, which were lavish settings for intimate and intellectual gatherings hosted by educated women of the upper class.
Portrait of King Louis XIV is put in a case, possibly for passage of time. (died 1715)

9. François Boucher

10. Diana Resting after Her Bath, 1742, Oil on canvas
Boucher most known for painting mythological scenes.
Soft greens, blues, whites, and pinks of forestry and tapestry contrast against the golden aura of the nude figures.

11. The Governess, 1739, oil on canvas.
Moral uplifting genre scenes
Limited to still lifes and quiet domestic scenes
Small scale, meticulous
Subtle difference in texture and shape
Jean-Siméon Chardin

12. “the graciousness, sweetness, and restraint that the governess maintains in her discipline of the young man about his dirtiness, disorder, and neglect; his attention, shame, and remorse; all are expressed with great simplicity.” -contemporary critic

13. Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Studied in the studio first with Chardin, then with Boucher.
Won the Prix de Rome (1752)- a scholarship awarded to top students from French Academy of Art.

14. The Meeting,
Oil on canvas
One of 14 commissioned paintings by Madame de Barry, one of Louis XV mistresses.
Series depicts the vision of lovers, spontaneous and free
Rapid brushwork, imaginative landscape, and elegant/aristocratic garb
Madame du Barry rejected the paintings emerging neoclassical style.

15. The Swing
1767

16. Neoclassicism vs Romanticism

17. Neoclassicism Rome Anton Raphael Mengs Antonio Canova
Cardinal Alessandro Albani – leading sponsor of neoclassical artwork. Built villa outside Rome to house all work.

18. Anton Raphael Mengs
Parnassus, ceiling Fresco in Albani villa, 1761.

19. Antonio Canova Cupid and Psyche, 1787-93, marble
Most sought after neoclassical sculptor in Rome.
Specialized in:
1. Public monuments
2. Erotic Mythological scenes
Cupid, Venus’s son, falls in love with Psyche, a mortal. Venus casts Psyche into a sleep from jealousy, Cupid awakens her with a kiss. Jupiter gives Psyche immortality.

20. Neoclassicism in Britain
William Hogarth
Joshua Reynolds
Thomas Gainsborough
Angelica Kauffman

21. William Hogarth The Marriage Contract oil on canvas
Art should improve society
Combined style of Dutch Genre painting and Rococo style.
Young couple to be married sit on left, unloving.
Lawyer attempts to woo wife
Father’s arrange marriage for monetary benefit.
Despised “portraiture” – thought was vain

22. Joshua Reynolds Lady Sarah Bunbury Sacrificing to the Graces
1765, oil on canvas
Classical tradition/influence = GRAND MANNER PORTAITURE
Contrapposto

23. Thomas Gainborough Portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan
Oil on canvas,
Professional singer
Tree frames head, feathered brushwork, Rococo palette
Echoes new Enlightenment idea: emphasis on nature being source of goodness and beauty.

24. Angelica Kauffman Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures
1785, oil on canvas
“history painting”
One of two women artists named in founding the Royal Academy
“good mother” popular 18th century theme

25. Neoclassicism in France
Jacques Louis David

26. Jacques-Louis David Leading French Neoclassical painting
Won Prix de Rome in 1774
Oath of the Horatii
, oil on canvas
Enlightenment belief:
art = improve society
Three son of Horace, pledging oath to State.
Men=loyal to state
Female=loyal to family ties

27. Death of Marat
Marat was a Jacobin, supported the Reign of Terror in Paris during FRevo
Partly responsible for 1792 riots
Combined Neoclassical style with Caravaggesque naturalism

28. Talk A Mile A Minute Partner up!
Each winning group receives one extra credit point

29. Oath of the Horatii Angelica Kauffmann Neoclassical Rococo

30. painterly grand manner portraiture Death of Marat Antonio Canova