1. Legal/Modalities Unit
SM 2

2. Legal Vocabulary Chp. 3 Liability Negligence
Liability
Negligence
Standard of reasonable care
Duty of Care
Tort
Nonfeasance/Ommission
Malfeasance/Commission
Misfeasance
Statute of limitation
Assumption of Risk
Good Samaritan Law
Managed Care
Medical Insurance
HMO
PPO 
Legal Vocabulary Chp. 3
CAATE
BOC
NATA

3. Modalities Vocab
Thermotherapy: application of heat to treat traumatic injury
Ischemia: inadequate blood supply to a part of the body
Cryotherapy: application of cold for first aid of a trauma
Cryokinetics: combines cryotherapy and exercise
Conduction: heat is transferred from a warmer object to a cooler one
Convection: heating indirectly through another medium such as air or liquid
Radiation: heat transferred through space
Conversion: heating through other forms of energy

4. History of Athletic Training Sports Med 2

5. On Your Own
Silently read the paragraph “what is sports medicine” on pg. 3, and “roles and responsibilities of the AT” on pg. 7-9
Define the following on your paper using your book focus box 1-2:
Training:
Athletic training:
Trainer:
Certified Athletic trainer:

6. 5th Century Hippocrates Greatest athletic trainer: Herodicus of Megara
( He encouraged patients to walk 20 miles from Athens to Megara)
Father of Sports Medicine
recommended strict diet, constant physical activity and regular training to maintain health
Tutored Hippocrates
Hippocrates
Father of western medicine
Helped athletes in reaching optimum performance

7. 776 BC
First Olympics: first professional athletes

8. 1916
After WWI athletic trainers play more of a role, they started to work at the college level
1917
Dr. S. E. Bilik:
Physician who wrote first major text on athletic training and care of athletic injuries: The Trainer’s Bible

9. 1920’s / 1932 Cramer Family Produced a liniment to treat ankle sprains
Realized the potential market between athletes and coach
To enhance communication and exchange ideas with the coaches, published the First Aider in 1932
played an important role in the education of S.A.T’s

10. 1938-1944 Tried to form NATA (National Athletic Trainers Association)
Failed because of WW2.

11. 1950 Athletic trainers got organized
101 AT’s met in Kansas City and officially formed the NATA
The purpose: to establish professional standards for the Athletic Trainer (domains)

12. First AT’s to Work Olympics 1952 Finland

13. 1970’s 1970: 1972: 1976: Had to get certified Title IX established:
"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance”
1976:
Title IX played a big role in the growth of the Athletic Trainer. More athletes = more jobs

14. Current 2019 Entry level Masters degree required
2016 last class accepted into the 3 year undergraduate program

15. Athletic Training Domains
Sports Med 2

16. Five Performance Domains of the Athletic Trainer
Prevention of Athletic Injury
Recognition, Evaluation, and immediate care of injuries
Rehabilitation and Reconditioning
Health care administration
Professional Development and Responsibility

17. Prevention of Athletic Injuries
Make the competitive environment as safe as possible to reduce the likelihood of injury
Includes the following
1. pre-participation physical exams
2. ensuring appropriate training and condition of the athlete
3. monitoring environmental conditions to ensure safe participation
4. protective equipment
5. education, parents coaches athletes

18. Recognition, Evaluation, & Immediate Care of Injuries
A. Evaluation of athletic injuries
1. obtaining a brief history
2. observation
3. palpation
4. ROM check
5. Muscle strength check
6. Functional joint stability tests
7. Brief neurological exam
**the MD is ultimately responsible for providing an accurate diagnosis of an injury!
B. First aid and Emergency care
1. BLS CPR/first aid certification
2. Emergency care procedures established with community
C. Referral to appropriate medical personnel

19. Rehabilitation & Reconditioning
Designing rehabilitation programs
B. Supervision rehab programs

20. Health Care Administration
A. Record keeping: physicals, injury reports, TX records, rehab programs
B. Ordering equipment and supplies
C. Supervising assistants
D. Establishing policies for operation of and AT program

21. Professional Development & Responsibility
A. Continuing education 50 CEUs/2 years
B. Professional journal
C. Educating SAT’s, general public.

22. Legal Considerations
Sports Med 2

23. Liability legally responsible for the harm one causes another
A.T. will act according to the standard of care, compared to another with similar educational background and training.
Key word, reasonable care

24. Reducing the Risk of Litigation!
Preparation for the activity
Conduct of the activity
Injury Management
Records Management

25. Malpractice The dreaded threat.
“conduct associated with adverse outcome of patient.”

26. Medical Malpractice & Health Care Video
E_d1MGtU

27. Negligence
Read pg
Fill in your notes on what 4 things need to be established to be
found negligent

28. How to Protect Yourself
Assumption of Risk
Build healthy relationships
Liability insurance
Continuing Education
Follow Dr. orders and recommendations
Document!!
Confidentiality
Adequate Supervision
Emergency Action Plan

29. Potential Hazards Failure to provide competent personnel
Failure to provide instruction
Failure to provide proper equipment
Failure to warn
Failure to supervise
Improper treatment

30. Modalities
Read pg
Copy down focus box 11-2

31. Modalities are Fun!
Sports Med 2

32. Modality: a physical technique or substance administered to produce a therapeutic or pain free affect.
Legal concerns
Understand use of specific modalities
Accurate evaluation of injury
Avoid “shotgun” approach
Adhere to the law

33. Cryotherapy
most common forms are; ice massages, cold immersion, and ice packs.
Physiological effects of cryotherapy:
Muscle spasm
pain reception
blood flow up to minutes
metabolic rate
joint stiffness

34. Therapeutic effects of cryotherapy:
pain
or prevent swelling
inflammation
Minimized secondary tissue damage.

35. Skin response to cryotherapy:
Stage 1
Cold Sensation
0 – 3 min
Stage 2
Mild burning, aching
2-7 min
Stage 3
Anesthesia
5-12 min

36. 4. Adverse Conditions to Cryotherapy
hypothermia
frostbite
cold allergies
Raynauds phenomenon

37. Contraindications for Cryotherapy
lack of normal temperature sensibility
cold hypersensitivity
Raynaud’s disease
Coronary artery disease

38. Methods p 445… http://youtu.be/9hQsymsi5xU http://youtu.be/ucFQbSbKNJY
Ice massage
Ice Immersion, CWP
Ice Pack
Equipment
Towel, ice cup
Ice bucket or whirlpool, degrees
Chemical packs, bags, crushed ice
Indications
Use for small area, tendons, muscle belly, shins
Preferred for all around cooling
Numbness, follow up movement patterns
Application
Rub in overlapping circles min, or until numb
Immersion in water until numb. Can use w/cryokinetics
Wrap on injured body part, elevate min
Considerations
Comfort of athlete, ie area exposed
Frostbite, allow ample time to reheat
Do not put chemical ice packs directly on skin

39. Cryokinetics Numb the part to pain free Ice until numb
Work toward regaining ROM
3-7 min.
Ice until numb
Exercise 3-7 min.
Ice 3-5 min
Repeat 5 times

40. Thermotherapy is Hot

41. Thermotherapy: application of heat to treat traumatic injuries
Thermotherapy: application of heat to treat traumatic injuries. Heat energy increases activity by conduction, convection, and radiation.
Modes are moist, dry, superficial and deep.

42. Physiological Effects of thermotherapy:
muscle spasm
pain perception
blood flow
metabolic rate
collagen elasticity
joint stiffness
Therapeutic effects of thermotherapy
pain
soft tissue extensibility

43. Adverse Conditions to thermotherapy
burns
open wounds
Contraindications of thermotherapy
loss of sensations
immediately after injury
impaired circulation
directly to eyes
during acute inflammation

44. Methods Moist Heat Pack Warm Whirlpool Equipment
Hydrocullator packs, 160 degrees. Retain heat for about 20-30min. Terry cloth or towel
degressF. Heat min
Indication
Warms and relax, reduction for spasm. Superficial only
convection, reduce swelling, spasms, and pain.
Applications
Remove pack from water, cover, treat
Fill tank, put extremity in and heat
Considerations
Never! Let athlete sit or lay on heat pack…burns
Light headedness, electrical outlets, cleanliness

45. Ice vs heat
Copy down focus box p. 194 from your book