1. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY
: The World at War
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

2. Differing Viewpoints “Family Feud” “Fall of the Eagles”
“The War to End All Wars”
“The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

3. Causes of the War

4. 1. The Alliance System
Triple Entente:
Triple Alliance:

5. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:

6. The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers:
Nicholas II [Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel III [It]
Enver Pasha [Ottoman Empire]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]

7. Europe in 1914

8. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
2. Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914 94
130
154
268
289
398
Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%

9. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

10. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

11. Nationalism
Exalting one nation over another and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests.

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914
Russia wants to unite all Slavs under one banner.
The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. The “Spark”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family-heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne
Sophie

15. June 28, 1914 Sarajevo, Bosnia Visiting City Hall
Serbian nationalist angry with A-H control over Balkan region
Organized by the “Black Hand”
Serbia provides the guns & training
7 conspirators
2 shots kill Sophie and the Archduke

16. The Assassination: Sarajevo

17. The Assassin:
Gavrilo Princip

18. Who’s To Blame?

19. The Powder Key Ignites? Austria-Hungary gives Serbia an ultimatum
Serbia mobilizes
Russia mobilizes
Germany activates the Schlieffen Plan

20. The Schlieffen Plan Had to be preemptive to be successful
Invade neutral Belgium to strike at France

21. German Atrocities in Belgium

22. Mobilization Home by Christmas! No major war in 50 years! Nationalism!
It's a long way to Tipperary,
It's a long way to go;
To the sweetest girl I know!
Goodbye, Piccadilly,
Farewell, Leicester Square,
It's a long, long way to Tipperary,
But my heart's right there!

23. Total War War Raw Materials Board-Germany
Auxiliary Service Law-age 17-60
Conscription
Militarization-glorification of armed strength
Socialist reality

24. Recruitment Posters

25. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

27. Women and the War Effort

28. Financing the War

29. For Recruitment

30. Munitions Workers

31. French Women Factory Workers Most of the men were at war.

32. German Women Factory Workers
Women made munitions

33. Working in the Fields

34. A Woman Ambulance Driver

35. Red Cross Nurses

36. Women in the Army Auxiliary Used mostly at home, or with supply units.

37. Russian Women Soldiers

38. Spies
“Mata Hari”
Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle
German Spy!

39. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

40. Australian Poster

41. American Poster

42. Financing the War

43. German Poster
Think of Your Children!

44. The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

45. A Multi-Front War

46. The Western Front

47. Trench Warfare

48. Hazards of Trench Warfare
Trench Foot
Rats
Body Lice= Trench Fever
Heel Bone

49. area of land between enemy trenches
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”:
area of land between enemy trenches

50. Verdun – February, 1916 German offensive.
Objective: to kill as many French as possible
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
French prevail

51. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

52. The Somme – July, 1916 British attack—French to weak to help
60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
British use tanks for first time

53. War Is HELL !!

54. Sacrifices in War

55. The Eastern Front

56. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915
Objective: to capture Constantinople & open a supply line to Russia

57. Global War

58. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

59. Turks Refuse to Recognize

60. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
Trapizond District
73,390
15,000
Total
2,133,190
387,800

61. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18
His objective: To create a civil war by organizing the Arab Bedouins against the Ottoman Empire

62. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

63. The “Colonial” Fronts

64. Sikh British Soldiers in India

65. Fighting in Africa
Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]
British Sikh Mountain Gunners

66. 3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade
Fighting in Africa
3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

67. Fighting in Salonika, Greece
French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China

68. America Joins the Allies

69. The Sinking of the Lusitania

70. The Zimmerman Telegram

71. The Yanks Are Coming!

72. Americans in the Trenches

73. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

74. French Renault Tank

75. British Tank at Ypres

76. U-Boats

77. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

78. “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

79. The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie Rickenbacher, US
Francesco Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.
Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”]
Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr.
Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg.

80. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

81. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

82. The Zeppelin

83. Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers

84. Poison Gas
Machine Gun

85. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

86. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

87. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

88. Costs of War Rebuilding Colonial gov’ts look for independence
Scapegoats
Extremism
Fear of Germany

89. Treaty of Versailles Guilt Clause=Germany is to blame
$30 billion in reparations=$2.7 trillion
No heavy artillery, no tanks, no U-boats, no air force, no chemical weapons
No more than 100,000 troops
New nations=Latvia, Lithuania, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Poland, Estonia, Finland, Czech
League of Nations: Wilson’s idea, but America rejects
Mandates (territories administered by Western Nations through the League of Nations: Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Ghana, Tanzania, Rwanda

90. 9,000,000 Dead

91. The Somme American Cemetary, France
116,516 Americans Died

92. World War I Casualties