1. 10
Blood

2. Blood

3. I. Introduction to Blood
A. Tissue: __________
B. Components = __________ and ________
C. Hematocrit
Bottom =
Buffy layer:
Top = Plasma
Anemia

4. D. Physical Characteristics of Blood
Color
High Oxygen = scarlet red
Low Oxygen = dull
pH:7.35–7.45
Acidosis: ______
Alkalosis: ______
Temp. = 100.4°F

5. II. Blood Plasma-- Components
FIGURE 10.1
90 % = ______
Includes dissolved substances:

6. Figure 10.1 (1 of 2)

7. Blood Plasma– Components …
Plasma proteins (liver)
Albumin: osmotic (water) balance of blood
Fibrinogen: ________
Antibodies: __________

8. Figure 10.1 (2 of 2)

9. III. Formed Elements A. Erythrocytes (RBCs) Function Anatomy
Biconcave disks
Nucleus & Organelles:
Hemoglobin Biochemical =
Metal =
Each has 4 O2
in RBC: has hundreds of thousands
Blood Count: 4-6 Million per ml blood

10. Lymphocyte Platelets Erythrocytes Neutrophils
Figure 10.2

11. Erythrocyte Disorders
STUDENTS DO:
Anemia
Sickle Cell Anemia
Polycythemia

12. Lymphocyte Platelets Erythrocytes Neutrophils
Figure 10.2

13. Mobile: ameboid motion (diapedesis) Respond to damaged tissues
Formed Elements …
B. Leukocytes (WBCs)
Function: _______
Anatomy:
Mobile: ameboid motion
(diapedesis)
Respond to damaged tissues
5-11 thousand WBC per ml

14. Neutrophils Never
Lymphocytes Let
Monocytes Monkeys
Eosinophils Eat
Basophils Banannas

15. 1. Granulocytes = have granules a. Neutrophils Nucleus Immune System
Formed Elements …
1. Granulocytes = have granules
a. Neutrophils
Nucleus
Immune System
During infection:
Frequency:

16. Alergy and parasitic worms rare
Formed Elements …
Granulocytes …
b. Eosinophils
nucleus
Alergy and parasitic worms
rare

17. Release histamine (vasodilator) Contain heparin (anticoagulant) rare
Formed Elements …
Granulocytes …
c. Basophils
Nucleus
Inflamatory Response
Release histamine (vasodilator)
Contain heparin (anticoagulant)
rare

18. 2. Agranulocytes: no granules a. Lymphocytes Nucleus Immune System
Formed Elements …
2. Agranulocytes: no granules
a. Lymphocytes
Nucleus
Immune System
B cells
T cells
2nd most common

19. Function: as macrophages chronic infection uncommon
Formed Elements …
Agranulocytes …
b. Monocytes
Nucleus
Function: as macrophages
chronic infection
uncommon

20. Disorders Involving Leukocytes
Students do :
Leukocytosis
Leukopenia
Leukemia

21. fragmented megakaryocytes Clotting process Count:300,000 per ml
Formed Elements …
C. Platelets
Structure:
fragmented megakaryocytes
Clotting process
Count:300,000 per ml

22. III. Blood Physiology A. Hematopoiesis
= ________________
red bone marrow
Hemocytoblast: cells from stem cells
They differentiate into rbc, wbc, & platelets
via hormones

23. B. Hemostasis Stoppage of bleeding 3-6 minutes 3 phases
(1) Vascular spasms
Vasoconstriction via smooth muscle

24. Hemostasis (2) Platelet plug formation Collagen fibers are exposed
Platelets become “sticky”
“ “ release chemicals:
attract more platelets
platelet plug

25. Hemostasis (3) Coagulation Tissue factor (TF) released Calcium needed
Chemical reactions triggered that finally produce Thrombin, an enzyme
Thrombin: joins fibrinogen proteins into net-like fibrin

26. Figure 10.7

27. Students do: Blood Disorders
Thrombus
Embolus
Thrombocytopenia
Hemophilia

28. C. Blood Groups and Transfusions
Loss of > 30 % causes shock
Transfusions: must be of the same blood group
Antigens = a foreign substance
Chemicals on cell surface (proteins …)
Red Blood cell surface has genetically determined proteins B A A B BB A Z Z Z

29. Human Blood Groups
> 30 common rbc surface proteins that act as antigens– some more important
Antibodies: proteins produced by WBC that attack antigens on Foreign Cells
Blood type lab tested: by using artificial antibodies that react to antigens are present
ABO and Rh blood group antigens Z Z zZ

30. Human Blood Groups … ABO Blood Groups
Based on the presence of two antigens = A & B
Both present = type AB blood
Have Plasma Antibodies ________
A present = type A blood
B present = type B blood
Neither present = type O blood A B B A A A B B B

31. Human Blood Groups … ABO Blood Groups …
Universal Recipient: AB
Type B can receive B and O blood
Type A can receive A and O blood
Universal Donor: O

32. ABO Blood Groups Blood Group RBC Antigens Plasma antibodies
Blood that can be received AB
A, B
None
A, B, AB, O
Universal recipient B
Anti-A
B, O A
Anti-B
A, O O
Anti-A, Anti-B
Universal donor

33. Human Blood Groups … Rh Blood Groups
Presence or absence of the Rh antigens (8)
Most Americans: Rh+ = has antigen
Rh– people do NOT already have the Rh antibodies
PROBLEMS
Transfusions: Rh- given Rh+ blood
Problems in Pregnancy
Only Rh– mother

34. Normally mother-baby blood does not mix no problems
Rh & Pregnancy …
If Child is Rh+
Normally mother-baby blood does not mix
no problems
But immune system sensitized to Rh antigen
2nd RH+ baby, the mother’s antibodies attack baby’s blood = hemolytic disease of the newborn
RhoGAM shot can prevent anti-Rh+ buildup

35. Blood Typing
Blood samples are mixed with artificial Antibodies: anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh serum
Coagulation indicates that the antigen is present
Cross matching: both donors and recipients blood tested
Example: type A only given type A etc …

36. Blood being tested
Serum
Anti-A
Anti-B
Type AB (contains
antigens A and B;
agglutinates with
both sera)
Agglutinated
RBCs
Type B (contains
antigen B;
agglutinates with
anti-B serum)
Type A (contains
antigen A;
agglutinates with
anti-A serum)
Type O (contains
no antigens;
does not
agglutinate with
either serum)
Figure 10.8

37. Developmental Aspects of Blood
Students do: Sites of blood cell formation

38. Figure 10.3