1. CHAPTER 17
BLOOD

2. I. An Overview of Blood A. BLOOD: COMPONENTS
1. Liquid:
2. Solids:
3. Hematocrit
Plasma
Buffy coat
Leukocytes & platelets
Erythrocytes

3. B. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Color
pH:
Volume:
Viscosity
Blood Clot

4. I. Overview: Blood Composition and Functions …
C. Functions
Transport
Protection
Regulation

5. II. Blood Plasma A. Components Water Proteins Nutrients Wastes
Electrolytes
Gases
Hormones

6. Blood Plasma … B. Plasma Proteins (Figure 18.3)
- Produced by:
1. Albumins
2. Globulins
Alpha and beta
Transport
Gamma =
produced by
3. Fibrinogen

7. III. FORMED ELEMENTS A. Hemopoiesis
Sites
Hemopoietic Stem Cell, hemocytoblast: (p )
 Myeloid Stem Cell & Lympoid Stem Cell

8. III. FORMED ELEMENTS … B. Erythrocytes
1. Function of RBC
hemoglobin
Functions– carries
2. Structure RBC
Shape:
- Organelles
Blood Cell Count =
7.5 m
2.0 m

9. III. Formed Elements … 3. HEMOGLOBIN2 1
heme
Complexity of Structure
Each composed of:
Globin
Heme
- Amount Hemoglobin =
Reversibly binds O2
Oxyhemoglobin:
Deoxyhemoglobin:
Carbaminohemoglobin:
% Saturation: 2 1
Heme

10. A. Erythrocytes … 4. Lifecycle of ERYTHROCYTES
a. Production-- ERYTHROPOIESIS
Hematopoietic Stem Cell  Myeloid Stem Cell  Proerythroblast
 
Nucleus Ejection

11. a. Production-- ERYTHROPOIESIS …
Enter circulation
Maturation = erythrocytes
Regulation
Number of RBC low  low O2
Kidney:
Erythropoietin:

12. B. Erythrocytes … c. ERYTHROCYTE DESTRUCTION
RBC lifespan:
Old RBC’s:
Destruction by:
Globin 
Heme group
- Iron 
- pigment containing portion
Bilirubin

13. Erythrocyte Disorders
STUDENTS DO
Erythrocyte Disorders
Sickle cell Anemia
Pernicious Anemia
Polycythemia

14. C. LEUKOCYTES Structure Blood Volume: Protect body from: Diapedesis
Movement
Positive Chemotaxis
WBC count:
capillary
connective tissue
leukocyte

15. Types 1. GRANULOCYTES
a. Neutrophils %
Structure– granules:
Function:

16. a. Eosinophils Description: Functions: Fight Inactivation of some
1. GRANULOCYTES …
a. Eosinophils
Description:
Functions:
Fight
Inactivation of some

17. 1. GRANULOCYTES …
b. Basophils %
Functions:

18. a. Lymphocytes 2. AGRANULOCYTES T and B cells Maturation Site
Functions:
Mechanisms
Memory Cells

19. 2. AGRANULOCYTES
b. Monocytes
Structure
Function:
Chronic infections

20. LEUKOCYTE DISORDERS
STUDENTS DO
Leukemia
Lymphoma

21. C. Platelets–THROMBOCYTES
Description:
No nucleus
Function:
Life span
Blood Count

22. IV. HEMOSTASIS = Stopping blood flow
Stages of Hemostasis
Vascular spasms
Smooth muscle damage; chemical release
Platelet plug formation
Damaged vessel lining
Von Wildebrand Factor: large plasma protein, forms cross bridges between platelets  collagen
Platelets release chemicals ↑ aggregation:
Need for further actions:

23. Further Action needed: Begins Clotting factors required Steps
IV. HEMOSTASIS …
Stages of Hemostasis …
Coagulation
Further Action needed:
Begins
Clotting factors required
Includes:
Steps
enzyme thrombin 
fibrinogen forms 
platelets stick to mesh and
Length to Clotting:
Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulants

24. CLOTTING AND BLEEDING DISORDERS
Students do
Hemophilia
Thrombus
Embolus

25. Antigen & antibody match Type A antibody in Type B blood of recipient
V. BLOOD TYPES
Protein antigens on surface of RBC plasma membrane and exposed to outer surface cause:
= many
Types of antigens: many, ABO and Rh factor most important
A. ABO Blood Type:
Antigen types: B , A or O =
Antigen & antibody match
Type A blood of donor
Type A antibody in Type B blood of recipient
Agglutination

26. Antigen & antibody match Type A antibody in Type B blood of recipient
V. BLOOD TYPES …
Antibodies:
Wrong blood type transfused:
ABO System: # Genes for Blood type:
Possibile Gene Combinations
- Type A Blood:
Type B Blood:
Type AB Blood:
Type O Blood:
Antigen & antibody match
Type A blood of donor
Type A antibody in Type B blood of recipient
Agglutination

27. A. ABO BLOOD GROUPS– Antibodies present
Antigen A
Antigen B
Antigen AB
Neither Antigen A nor B
Antibody
Antibody
Antibody
Antibody
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE AB
TYPE O

28. A. ABO BLOOD GROUPS …
Universal Donor
Universal Recipient

29. Review Problems A child is born with AB blood type
What is known about the parent’s blood type?
- Can a mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood have a child with type O blood?

30. B. Rh Factor Naming: Number of Different Types Most Common: Rh+ Rh-
Antibodies
Speed:
Treatment: Rhogam serum

31. B. Rh Factor … PROBLEM: - ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS
2nd Rh+ fetus / Rh- mother
Results:
FIRST PREGNANCY
SECOND PREGNANCY
maternal circulation (Rh-)
fetal circulation (Rh+)
(RH-) antibodies develop in the mother after delivery
Agglutination of fetal (RH+) fetus

32. C. Blood Typing – How:
Figure 10.8

33. END PPT
Extra Slides
Review Questions

34. Intrinsic Extrinsic
- Vessel Collagen exposed - intrinsic factor released from cell trauma outside vessel
- Platelet Plug
PF3
X + Ca PF3
Prothrombin Activator
Prothrombin  Thrombin
Figbinogen  Fibrin
Ca XIII  cross-linked Fibrin