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Edgar Dale Biography
Edgar Dale (April 27, 1900 in Benson, Minnesota, – March 8, 1985 in Columbus, Ohio) was an American educationist who developed the Cone of Experience. He made several contributions to audio and visual instruction, including a methodology for analyzing the content of motion pictures.
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Edgar Dale Biography
Dale intended to provide an intuitive
model of the concreteness of various kinds of audio-visual media, has been widely misrepresented. Often referred to as the "Cone of Learning," it purports to inform viewers of how much people remember based on how they encounter information. He is also known as the “Father of Modern Media in Education”.
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Cone of Experience
Is a visual model of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone, the more abstract the experience becomes.
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Cone of Experience
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Cone of Experience
Direct Purposeful Experiences (90%)
Meaningful, lifelong and superior learning happens if learners have first hand or direct experiences or hands-on experiences.
- Students learn best if they do it, learning by doing as John Dewey use to say
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Cone of Experience
Contrived Experiences (90%)
- higher learning will be made possible with the use of models, mock ups of reality for practical reasons so that teachers can make the real-life accessible to the students’ perceptions and understanding.
- Simulations such as playing “sari-sari” store to teach adding & subtracting pesos and centavos.
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Cone of Experience
Dramatized Experiences (70%)
- high learning is expected when students participate in a reconstructed experience, even though the original event is far removed in time.
- learners self-esteem will increase and self-trust will be enhanced.
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Cone of Experience
Demonstrations (70%)
- a visualized explanation of an important fact, idea or process by the use of photographs, drawings, films, displays, or guided motions.
- learning will be very satisfactory if students will demonstrate in front of the class or follow a demonstration initiated by the teacher
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Cone of Experience
Study Trips/ Field Trips (50%)
- these are excursions, educational trips and visits conducted to observe an event that is unavailable within the classroom.
- learning is satisfactory when student visits different places, see varied cultures, practices and norms.
- learning from a concrete example & reality is authentic and unique.
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Cone of Experience
Exhibits (50%)
- these are displays to be seen by spectators. It consist of working models, charts, and posters. Some exhibits are “for your eyes only” while some exhibits include sensory experiences where spectators are allowed to manipulate.
- learning is very good when learner are having fun manipulating the models or enjoying reading the displays.
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Cone of Experience
Television and motion pictures (30%)
- motion pictures and tvs can recreate the reality of the past so effectively that we are made to feel we are there.
- the unique value of the messages communicated in the film lies in their feeling of realism, emphasis on persons and personality.
- learning is fair because information comes in a flash and less students involvement.
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Cone of Experience
Still Pictures, Recordings, Radio (30%)
- these are visual and auditory devices which may be use by an individual or group. Still images lack the sound and motion.
- radio broadcast of an actual event and often linked to a televised broadcast.
- learning is fairly low for it is less sensorial and learners are not involve often times.
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Cone of Experience
Visual symbols (20%)
are non-realistic reproduction of physical things.
highly abstract representations; like Charts, Graphs, Maps, & Diagrams.
learning is low for learners are made to see the unreal representations/things of the real idea or concepts.
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Cone of Experience
Verbal symbols (10%)
- these are visual cues that stands a meaning. Written words fall under this category. It may be from a book or any article, an idea (freedom of speech), a scientific principle, a formula (E = mc2)
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18. Teachers Role - Edgar Dale
“The modern approach to learning,
places teachers in a new role – that of manager, organizer, motivator and evaluator of experiences. The teacher makes choices from a rich variety of media and takes a larger role in the development of instructional materials.” Dale, 1969
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19. Chinese famous saying
If I hear it, I forget it If I see it, I remember it If I do it, I know it
Tell me and I will forget
Show me and I will remember
Involve me and I will know
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20. Dyad Activity: IM’s based on Dale
Using Dale’s Cone of Experiences, identify at least 2 learning activities applicable to a certain topic of your choice. Then, with these learning activities, think of Instructional Materials that could possibly be used in the activities and write the name of the IM’s, description and its purpose.
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21. Activity: IM’s based on Dale (cont…)
Dale’s Cone of Experience
Instructional Materials
Description
Purpose
Verbal Symbols
Visual Symbols
Radio, Recordings Still pictures
Motion Pictures
Educational TV
Exhibits
Study Trips
Demonstrations
Dramatized Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Direct Purposeful Experiences
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Sample
Topic: Addition of Integers
Learning Activities:
LA1: Inquiry–based/Discovery approach through hand-outs and integer tiles
LA2: Integer Cube game
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23. Dale’s Cone of Experience Instructional Materials
Description
Purpose
Direct Purposeful Experiences
Integer Tiles
These are made of cut-out cartolina with printed + and – signs
These are used for adding integers. It will help in discovering the rules in adding integers
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24. Dale’s Cone of Experience Instructional Materials
Description
Purpose
Direct Purposeful Experiences
Integer Cubes
These are recycled materials from ice tea boxes covered with bond paper and pockets plastics
The pockets will hold different integers which will be used during the game. This will serve as an enhancement activity of the lesson
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25. iJuander?
Bruner’s Three-Tiered Model of Learning
Are the implications of Dale’s Cone of Experience similar to Bruner’s Three-Tiered Model of Learning?
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Which learning aids in Edgar Dale’s Cone of Experience correspond(s) to each tier or level in Bruner’s Model? Write your answers on the separate paper.
ENACTIVE
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
ICONIC
___________________________________________________________________________
SYMBOLIC
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Thank You . . .
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