1. College Financing MEFA’s Guide to
Introduce yourself and share your financial aid background
Let families know you’ll be speaking on college financial aid
Explain to families the benefit of attending this seminar (learning the necessary facts of the financial aid process and about free resources to help them throughout the process) and reassure them that they will be able to get through this process (“You can do this”)
Provide the timeframe: presentation will be approximately 1 hour followed by a Q&A
Let families know if you’ll be taking questions throughout or just at the end
Let families know that this is a presentation timely for seniors in high school and their families, but juniors and sophomores can benefit from learning what’s ahead
Remind families to complete the eval following the presentation and let them know they can take notes on the back of the College Financing handout
MEFA’s Guide to
College Financing

2. About MEFA Not-for-profit state authority created in 1982
Helping families plan, save, and pay for college
Keeping you on track with college planning:
MEFA.org: tools & resources
s: sign up tonight!
Blog: subscribe online
Facebook & Twitter: like us and follow us
Introduce MEFA and let folks know that MEFA has a public service mission to help families navigate college financing
Can get audience interaction by asking if anyone in the audience has heard of MEFA and in what context
MEFA.org has videos, e-books, fact sheets, calculators, and links to financial aid applications

3. You Can Do This

4. Agenda Types & sources of financial aid The application process
How financial aid decisions are made
Paying for college
Free resources
Introduce the topics to be discussed during the seminar.
We will help them ‘navigate’ the process.

5. What is Financial Aid? Money to help students pay for college
3 main types
Grants and scholarships (gift aid)
Work-Study
Student Loans
Financial aid is simply money to help students pay for college
THREE main types of financial aid:
Grants & Scholarships (called gift aid)
Work-Study
Student Loans (Loans do count as financial aid!)
Grants and scholarships are allocations of free money, also known as gift aid, which do not need to be repaid
Work-study does not come off the student’s bill and is a set amount of funding saved for a student to earn while on campus working in a part-time job
Work-study earnings are paid in paycheck form
Student Loans are considered financial aid because of their special repayment terms
Student Loans must be repaid
You don’t have to accept loans or work-study

6. Sources of Financial Aid
Federal
Grants, work-study, loans, tax incentives
Massachusetts
Grants, scholarships, tuition waivers, loans
osfa.mass.edu
College/University (institutional aid)
Grants, scholarships, loans
Other Agencies
Scholarships, loans
Financial aid comes from four primary sources. Each source has different requirements for eligibility.
Federal: Most federal grants are allocated for lower income families; Work-Study is reserved for students with financial need; Every student eligible to apply for federal financial aid can receive federal student loans; tax incentives are credits on federal tax returns
State: Most state grants are allocated for lower income families; MA also offers scholarships and tuition waivers for students who meet certain criteria; Visit osfa.mass.edu for more details on MA state aid
College/University: some colleges or universities do have their own student loan programs
Actively explore each of these sources
You may want to ask the school counselor before the seminar beings if he/she wants to speak about local outside scholarships and how the information is available through the guidance office

7. Financial Aid Breakdown
Undergraduate Student Aid ($185.1 Billion)
There is a lot of financial aid available: $185.1 billion for undergrads in
37% of this total is federal loans
Less than 1% is work-study
71% of this total comes from the federal government: grants, loans, work-study, and tax credits
Tax credit info is located in IRS Pub 970
5% comes from the states
Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013

8. Merit-Based Aid
Awarded in recognition of student achievements (academic, artistic, athletic, etc.)
Applicants often compared against one another
May or may not be renewable
Not offered at every school
Financial aid may also be awarded based on factors other than financial eligibility
Only some colleges award merit aid, AKA merit scholarships
Awarding practices vary significantly from college to college
Discuss some of the ways students may need to apply for merit aid: a separate application, essay, nomination, etc.
Discuss how students may lose academic merit awards if they don’t meet GPA requirements
Most merit-based aid comes from the institution. One example from MA: John & Abigail Adams Scholarship:
Non need-based
Based on high 10th grade MCAS score
No application: winners are notified in fall of senior year
Covers tuition (NOT fees) at MA public colleges & universities
Must be MA resident and U.S. citizen or eligible non-citizen
Must submit the FAFSA (even though it’s not need-based)
Students must maintain a 3.0 GPA for renewability
Don’t mention this at private high schools, as private high schools are not required to take the MCAS

9. Need-Based Aid Based on family’s financial eligibility (“need”)
Eligibility determined by a standardized formula
Includes grants, loans, and work-study
Most financial aid is need-based
Must meet certain GPA for renewal
Most financial aid is awarded mostly based on the family’s ability to pay for college, not grades, standardized test scores, or other factors
Most federal and MA financial aid is awarded based on financial eligibility
Colleges also offer institutional funds based on financial eligibility

10. Must be completed every year!
FAFSA
Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)
Required by all colleges for federal and MA state aid
Open January 1st: FAFSA.gov
Meet all deadlines!
Sign with a PIN: PIN.ed.gov
IRS Data Retrieval Tool – available February 1st
Must be completed every year!
FAFSA:
Discuss the benefits of completing the FAFSA online: skip logic, saved info year-to-year, etc.
It’s FREE – DON’T use fafsa.com
Stress that meeting the deadline is VERY IMPORTANT
Parent & student need a PIN to sign electronically (otherwise will need to print the signature page and mail it – this is necessary for parents without a SSN, as parents without a SSN cannot secure a PIN).
Introduce IRS Data Retrieval Tool – available Feb 1 - stress that families should not wait for tool to be available if application deadline is approaching. Also, it cannot be used by parents married filing separately, change in marital status during the tax year, amended tax return, or foreign/Puerto Rican return
Must be completed each year
Mention FAFSA Day as resource for free help completing the application
Federal and MA state financial aid eligibility will be based exclusively on EFC from FAFSA. The FAFSA must be completed for state aid by MAY 1.

11. What’s on the FAFSA? The colleges where you’re applying
Parent and student data
Parents:
Married, including same-sex parents
All parents who live together, married or not
Divorced/Separated: custodial parent & current spouse
Income, assets, # in household, # of children in college
What’s an asset?
Savings, checking, investments, other property
What’s not an asset?
Primary home, retirement, life insurance, family business
What’s on the FAFSA:
Will do 1 form and send it to up to 10 schools at a time – you list your schools
Students and parents answer questions and provide data
Information from both parents will be required on the FAFSA, regardless of parents’ gender or marital status, if 1. Both parents are legal parents, defined as biological or adoptive parents; and 2. The student’s legal parents live together. This change requires same-sex parents who live together and parents who have never been married who live together to now BOTH report information on the FAFSA. A same-sex step-parent ALSO must report information on the FAFSA if that step-parent lives with the custodial parent.
Talk about estimating income to meet deadlines
Go to MEFA.org for a PDF of the paper FAFSA to view all questions
FAFSA4caster is a preview
Don’t need to include this note in the presentation but just in case you receive a question about it: Grandparent contribution to college costs counts as student income in the year it’s used to pay for college

12. Other Financial Aid Applications
CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE®
Required by some colleges
$25 for 1st school, $16 for each additional
Online application: CollegeBoard.org
Noncustodial Parent PROFILE often required
MEFA PROFILE webinar recording on MEFA.org
College Financial Aid Application
CSS PROFILE
Only some colleges and universities require this (mostly private)
The PROFILE provides colleges more information to award institutional funds
There is a fee for the PROFILE: $25 for first, $16 for every add’l school
If student is applying Early Decision/Early Action, the PROFILE may be required earlier than FAFSA
MEFA provided a webinar for families on the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE in early October. The recording is on MEFA.org.
Families can also be reminded that the Social Security Number, while still an optional field on the Common App and the PROFILE, is often used by schools as the identifier when compiling all student data and applications, and it is helpful for families to therefore report the student’s SSN on all applications when requested.
Also, some colleges and universities may have additional application requirements, such as the Business/Farm Supplement as a component of the PROFILE. Remind families to check application requirements carefully and to return all school requests for additional information or a callback.
College/University Financial Aid Application
Institutions can ask anything
Not all colleges require this - check with the college for details
As part of the original financial aid application (and not simply for Verification), some schools may require families to provide the corresponding tax return when submitting the financial aid application(s). If the appropriate year tax return (from the previous calendar year) is not yet available, some schools may accept the tax return from the year prior for the initial financial aid application process.
Don’t wait until you’re accepted to apply!

13. After You Apply 1. Colleges & state receive data electronically
2. You will receive (electronically or by mail):
Student Aid Report (SAR)
CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE® Acknowledgement
Contact the Financial Aid Office with any special circumstances
Colleges may request Verification documents. Your financial aid application may be incomplete until you submit these documents.
Colleges review applications and determine your financial aid
Explain what happens with the applications once they are submitted
Your information is sent off electronically and processed by a central processing center and data is sent to selected colleges as well as the Massachusetts Office of Student Financial Assistance
You will receive a SAR (Student Aid Report) and, if you also file PROFILE, a CSS PROFILE® Acknowledgement Report
For PROFILE corrections, contact your colleges directly
SAR comes in different forms: if student provided a valid address, mail if not
Be sure to review all of your answers and make sure they are accurate
If you estimated your income, update FAFSA when taxes are complete
Utilize IRS Data Retrieval Tool to make corrections if possible
Explain Verification process. U.S. Department of Education requires that schools verify data on certain FAFSAs. Explain what documents might be required
Remind parents that colleges communicate with the students directly, and mostly electronically (so students should keep on top of – some families set up a separate address for all college communication that both students and parents can access)
Families will be required to submit IRS transcript if selected for federal Verification and tax information on FAFSA was not gathered using IRS Data Retrieval Tool – or if IRS Data was subsequently changed
Can let folks know to contact the financial aid office if something changes (a job loss) or if there are special circumstances (student wants to petition to be independent, etc.)

14. Total expenses for one year of college
Cost of Attendance
Total expenses for one year of college
TUITION
The Cost of Attendance is comprised of both the billed and unbilled costs. Cost of Attendance is used in the formula to determine financial aid and it includes tuition, fees, room & board, travel expenses, books, supplies, and personal expenses

15. Expected Family Contribution (EFC)
Calculated amount the family has the ability to absorb for one year of college expenses
Same federal formula used for every family
Family has the primary responsibility for paying
Not necessarily what the family will pay
The EFC reflects the family’s ability to absorb educational expenses (a family’s financial strength), but makes no particular assumptions about how the family will finance that contribution
The EFC is calculated using a standard formula for all families
The family has the primary responsibility to pay for the student’s education
Families have choices about how to do that
Families often pay more for college than the EFC
The EFC formula protects a portion of income and assets
Parent and student information is treated differently in the formula
The formula does not take into account personal debt (credit card debt, car loan, personal debt)
Some colleges use two EFC formulas (FM – federal, IM – institutional) if they collect two financial aid applications
MEFA.org/tools has a link to an EFC calculator. The EFC calculator provides both an IM and FM EFC. Juniors: getting an estimate of your family’s EFC is something you can do now.
FAFSA4caster provides the FM EFC
Visit mefa.org/tools to use an EFC calculator

16. Asset Impact on EFC An example: 4 in the family, 1 child in college:
Family A
Family B
Family C
Parent Income
$60,000
Parent Assets $0
$75,000
$150,000
EFC
$5,040
$6,765
$10,635
Difference
$1,725
$5,595
There is a generous parent asset protection allowance factored into the EFC formula.
While assets (current value of savings, checking accounts, investments and reportable businesses and farms) are considered in the financial aid formula, assets have minimal impact to the EFC, as it is primarily an income-driven formula
Having saved for college or having other assets that you can use to help pay for college is a good thing; it gives families options for paying the balance due
Families in the audience who have saved for college should feel good about it!
All 529 plans are considered assets in the parents’ name and are treated in the same manner as every other parent asset.
In this example:
An additional 75K in savings only increases the EFC by $1,725
An additional 150K in savings only increases the EFC by $5,595
Remember this is parental assets (up to 6%) while student assets would be assessed at a higher rate (20%)
Numbers were calculated using the U.S. Department of Education’s Federal Methodology
Based on Federal Methodology

17. Income Impact on EFC An example: 4 in the family, 1 child in college:
Family A
Family B
Family C
Parent Income
$60,000
$100,000
$150,000
Parent Assets
$50,000
EFC
$5,745
$16,252
$31,609
Difference
$10,507
$25,864
The EFC formula can be heavily income-driven
Income (all income, from taxable and non-taxable earnings and other sources) is assessed at a higher rate in the financial aid formula than assets
In this example:
An additional 40K in income increases the EFC by $10,507
An additional 90K in income (from $60,000) increases the EFC by $25,864
Colleges don’t tell families how to meet their EFC. For example, with family B, the college wouldn’t require the family to use any of their reported assets for education expenses. This is an option the family may choose
Reminder, the EFC is determining how much the family can absorb in educational expenses over time. In many cases, families using multiple resources, which we will discuss later
Families should not use these charts to calculate their own EFC; instead they should utilize the EFC calculator link available on mefa.org/seniors
This is a great opportunity to point families to the EFC calculator on mefa.org/seniors, so that they may calculate their own EFC
Numbers were calculated using the U.S. Department of Education’s Federal Methodology
Based on Federal Methodology

18. Financial Aid Formula
Cost of Attendance (COA) – Expected Family Contribution (EFC) = Financial Aid Eligibility
All colleges use this preliminary calculation to determine eligibility for financial aid
EFC stays the same regardless of institution
Explain that COA varies
The amount the family can contribute is taken into consideration before determining a financial aid award
Colleges fill in Financial Aid Eligibility with financial aid from all sources

19. How the Formula Works Cost of Attendance = $5,000
The bar graph illustrates the three line formula (COA – EFC = Eligibility) that we looked at earlier. Financial aid eligibility varies from school to school
Use this chart to show why a student should never rule out a college because of its cost. The student is eligible for a large financial aid package from college A
At the same time, you don’t know what that financial aid package will include until the student is accepted to the school and receives the financial aid award letter. For this reason, the student should consider applying to a balanced list of colleges financially
At College D, the student has 0 eligibility for financial aid, however it might be an affordable option for the family
In a perfect world (theoretically), the college will be able to meet the student’s full eligibility and the EFC will remain the same, however many colleges cannot meet full eligibility due to available funding
Students still in the process of determining their final list of colleges and students in younger grades should look for colleges’ net price calculators to aid in the discussion around affordability

20. Financial Aid Awarding
COA = $30,000
Unmet Need $3,000
Federal Work-Study $1,500
Student Loan $5,500
Grant $7,500
Scholarship $7,500
Colleges use the EFC to determine eligibility for financial aid, then try to meet the eligibility (or fill the barrel) with financial aid from all resources
Most colleges are not going to be able to fill the barrel
The EFC always goes into the barrel first
Unmet need is more common than not
Explain what happens to EFC when there is unmet need. In this example, if the student decides to attend this institution, the family will need to contribute the EFC plus unmet need ($ $3000 = $8000) for the student to attend
Use this as an example to demonstrate how the EFC is often the MINIMUM contribution for a family, not necessarily a MAXIMUM
Explain the difference between direct and indirect costs in the COA and that even though the college won’t bill the student for indirect costs, the family still needs to determine how they will be met
Explain ways that students can reduce indirect costs, such as used books and cheaper travel
Explain how outside scholarships may affect the financial aid
EFC $5,000
Unmet need is the FAMILY’s responsibility
This example is an estimate only.

21. Award Letters: Totals Can Vary
COA: $30, EFC: $5, Total Eligibility: $25,000
College A
College B
College C
Grants/Scholarships
$18,000
$15,000
$10,000
Student Loans
$5,500
Work-Study
$1,500
Total
$25,000
$22,000
$17,000
Unmet Need $0
$3,000
$8,000
Unmet need can vary greatly from college to college even when the COA is constant
Explain the differences and possible reasons for the variance
College A, B and C could also represent 3 different students at the same institution (students with the same eligibility at the same school may still receive different financial aid based on the different strengths of the admissions applications or enrollment goals of the school, or maybe one student missed the college’s financial aid application deadline)
When comparing financial aid award letters, families should consider the total number of years the student plans to be enrolled
Encourage families to visit mefa.org/seniors after receiving award letters to take advantage of the online, interactive College Cost Calculator
Remind families that deadlines are so important – the student may receive less aid because the financial aid application was late

22. Award Letters: Types Can Vary
COA: $30, EFC: $5, Total Eligibility: $25,000
College A
College B
College C
Grants/Scholarships
$15,000
$5,000 $0
Student Loans
$5,500
Parent Loan
$10,000
$16,500
Work-Study
$1,500
Total
$22,000
Unmet Need
$3,000
When comparing award letters, you can’t just look at the bottom line. You need to compare what’s making up each financial aid award
Here are three examples of awards from colleges with the same Cost of Attendance
Might want to start out by asking the audience what’s different about these award letters (Parent Loan)
You can see that even though three hypothetical colleges have the same total financial aid, the funds making up that award vary greatly
Explain the differences and possible reasons for the variance
Talk about the different kinds of loans a family might see on an award letter
What should a family do if offered a parent loan?

23. Filling the EFC and Unmet Need
Favorite College
Balance Due
$20,000
Past Income
Student Savings
-$1,500
Parent Savings
-$4,000
Present Income
Student Contribution to Payment Plan
-$1,000
Parent Contribution to Payment Plan
-$3,500
Future Income
Education Loan
-$10,000 $0
EXAMPLE
Families decide the best plan to meet the balance due at the college based on their own personal finances. The options fall under three major categories: past, present and future income. Families don’t need to choose just one option (past, present or future income) to pay the balance due, and combination plans can save money in the long run. Encourage families to visits mefa.org/seniors to access a Monthly Payment Calculator, which allows families to build a monthly payment plan into their strategy in combination with a loan, when considering which option is most affordable for their family
Past Income: savings or other investments such as college saving plans
Present Income: Explain payment plan, e.g., owe $1,000? pay $100 per month for 10 months. Better than ANY loan
Future Income: borrowing loans. This will be in addition to student loans that are offered in the financial aid award. If families are considering financing any portion of the student’s education, they should take advantage of federal student loans first
Families need to be thinking about a long-term plan when deciding what options to use. This includes the total number of years the student plans to be enrolled as well as multiple children who plan to attend college
Colleges who use institutional methodology often expect the student to contribute from savings and/or summer work. Students are able to contribute to the payment plan along with the parents.
For families who are not receiving aid, you can still use these same steps. You will not be able to subtract aid, but if you have outside scholarships be sure to subtract them from direct costs.
Outside Scholarships can also be used as present income to help pay direct and indirect costs.

24. Federal Direct Student Loans
Student is the sole borrower
No credit check
Subsidized and Unsubsidized
Annual limits
4.66% fixed interest rate for
Repayment:
No payments due while enrolled
Approximately $300/month for 10 years for $27,000 debt
MESSAGE: Federal loan options should ALWAYS be considered before private options
Go over loan details and limits:
Student Direct Loan: $5500 FR, $6500 SO, $7500 JR & SR – these all include a $2000 Unsub DL Loan each year
Start the kitchen table conversations now as a family about affordable monthly payments and debt that students will be able to afford based on future earnings.
$300 is the approximate monthly payment for a student who borrows 4 years of maximum unsubsidized Direct Loans ($27,000 total).
Student will need to sign a master promissory note and complete entrance counseling on studentloans.gov
Direct Loan – all U.S. citizens/permanent residents are eligible
Students whose parents are denied for the PLUS loan are automatically eligible for a $4K (FR & SO) or $5K (JR & SR) Unsub Direct Loan – these amounts are in addition to the limits above
Many repayment options are available for borrowers, including one that can be tailored to the student’s budget. Forgiveness provisions for certain professions. See studentloans.gov for details
What is reasonable student loan debt? Avg debt $29,400 for class of 2012 (TICAS)
Additional Loan Options
Perkins: Not available at all schoools, $5500 max/yr
NIL: A MA state loan for low-income students; not available at all schools

25. FAFSA Day Free assistance in completing the FAFSA!
Over 30 locations across Massachusetts
Sunday, January 25, 2015 at 1:00 p.m.
Other dates and times offered
All dates and locations listed at fafsaday.org
Sign up for MEFA s to receive updates
Families may receive free assistance in completing the FAFSA
Sunday, January 25, 2015, 1:00pm AND other dates as well
Certain locations may be offering FAFSA Day on different date/time!
For additional information and to register, please visit FAFSAday.org
Families signed up for MEFA s will receive reminders about FAFSA Day
FAFSA Day is part of the National College Goal Sunday Program under USA Funds and is a statewide volunteer program that provides free information and assistance to students and families who are applying for financial aid for postsecondary education
FAFSA Day Massachusetts brings together financial aid professionals from colleges and universities along with other volunteers to help college-bound students and their families complete the FAFSA. It is currently supported by funding from MEFA, Massachusetts Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators (MASFAA) and American Student Assistance

26. After the Acceptance Seminars
Provides assistance and clarity on:
Financial aid awards
College bill
Payment plans
College loans
What to ask the Financial Aid Office
Locations across MA in late March/April
Register for MEFA s to receive location details
After the Acceptance seminars are designed to help families during a critical decision-making period – after receiving award letters and before making a final decision about which college to attend. They offer a financial aid refresher and further details
Regional seminars will be held throughout the state
Held in late March & April – after most families have received financial aid award letters
Offers financial aid refresher, details about understanding award letters and explains financing options and payment plans
Families who sign up for MEFA s will receive location information and reminders about the After the Acceptance seminars

27. What You Can Do Now Research financial aid deadlines & requirements
Partner with MEFA:
Sign up for MEFA s
Connect on social media
Subscribe to the blog
Bookmark mefa.org
Share us with your friends!
Families should research financial aid deadlines and requirements now to begin the financial aid process.
You now have some questions to ask at the financial aid office at each college when you visit (merit aid, how to renew aid, how are outside scholarships treated, etc.)
Let families know to stay in touch with MEFA:
Sign up for MEFA s
Connect on Twitter and Facebook
Subscribe to the blog
Bookmark and visit mefa.org

28. Questions or Comments?
Please take a moment to complete the seminar evaluation
Presenter: ________________
mefa.org
MEFA (6332)
Ask for any questions
Please ask families to complete the seminar evaluation and sign up for MEFA s
Let them know where to place completed evaluations and collect them before leaving
Presenters: please fill in your full name for families to use for the evaluations