1. European Renaissance & Reformation
Chapter 17 (p )

2. Renaissance
Rebirth
Revival of art & learning

3. Renaissance Began: Italy Why There: Thriving cities
Wealthy merchant class
Classical heritage (Greece & Rome)

4. Humanism
An intellectual movement that focused on human potential and achievements
Popularized the study of humanities:
History, literature, & philosophy

5. Secular Worldly rather than spiritual- concerned with the here & now
Basic spirit of Renaissance society- even church leaders

6. Renaissance Man Well-educated Charming Create art
Skilled rider, swordsman, etc

7. Renaissance Woman
Know the classics
Charming
Inspire art

8. Leonardo Painter, sculptor, inventor, scientist
Mona Lisa, The Last Supper

10. Raphael
Painter
Realism
School of Athens

12. Machiavelli The Prince (1513) Political guidebook
Unconcerned with what is morally right, but what was politically effective

13. The Prince

14. The Northern Renaissance
Italian Renaissance ideas blended with northern traditions
Advanced by monarchs

15. Elizabeth I Reigned from 1558-1603
Patron of William Shakespeare among others

16. The printing Press Johann Gutenberg Incorporated new technologies
First printed book: The Bible

17. Legacy of the Renaissance- Arts
New techniques in art
More realistic paintings & sculpture
More secular subjects
Writers using vernacular languages

18. Legacy of the Renaissance- Society
Printing Press- HUGE!
IMPACTS EVERYTHING!
People began to question political structures & religious practices

19. the reformation
Causes:
Social
Political
Economic
Religious

20. Social Causes
Renaissance values of humanism & secularism led people to question the church
Printing press spread ideas

21. Political Causes Power struggle- Church vs. Monarchs
Rulers challenged Pope’s authority

22. Economic Causes European monarchs jealous of Church’s wealth
Resentment over paying taxes to the Church

23. Religious Causes Corrupt Church leaders
Unacceptable practices- ex: selling indulgences

24. Martin Luther
95 Theses
Actions began the Reformation

25. Luther’s Teachings
People could win salvation only by faith or forgiveness- not good deeds
Church teachings should be based on the Bible only- not Church traditions
All people in faith were equal- don’t need priests to interpret for them

26. Response: The Church
Excommunicated Luther

27. Response: Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V, a Catholic
Declared Luther a heretic & outlaw (Edict of Worms)

28. Response: peasants
German peasants revolted
Inspired by ideas of Christian freedom, demanded an end to serfdom
Revolt was crushed, peasants felt betrayed

29. Response: German princes
Princes who supported Luther’s ideas signed a protest against Princes who were against him
They became known as Protestants

30. Protestant
Christians who belong to non-Christian churches

31. Henry VIII

32. Henry VIII Devout Catholic Desire for a son
Pope denies request for annulment
Did not want to offend HRE Charles V (Catharine's nephew)

33. Henry VIII
Solution: Act of Supremacy ending Pope’s authority in England
Henry now head of the Church

34. Henry VIII Marries a total of 6 times
Daughter, Mary, with Catherine of Aragon (Wife 1)
Daughter, Elizabeth, with Anne Boleyn (Wife 2)
Son, Edward, with Jane Seymour (Wife 3)

35. Henry VIII’S children Edward
Became king at 9 years old- ruled for 6 years
Guided by (Protestant) advisers
Protestant Reofrms

36. Henry VIII’S children Mary Catholic
Returned English Church to the rule of the pope
Executed many Protestants

37. Henry VIII’S children Elizabeth I
Set up the Church of England- or, Anglican Church
Goal: Please Protestants & Catholics

38. Elizabeth i Brought a level of religious peace
Threat of being overthrown by supporters of Mary Queen of Scots (Catholic)

39. REFORMATION CONTINUES
Protestant religion became more established, organization more formal
Won many followers
Calvinists, Presbyterians, Anabaptists, etc.

40. Catholic Reformation Movement within the Catholic Church to reform
Jesuits
Council of Trent- Meeting to refine Church doctrine

41. Jesuits Religious order Formed schools
Convert non-Christians to Catholicism

42. Council OF Trent Church’s interpretation of Bible is final
Christians need good work and faith for salvation
Bible and Church Tradition
Indulgences are valid expressions of faith

43. Religious effects of the reformation
Protestant churches flourished & new denominations developed
Catholic Church became more unified

44. Social effects of the reformation
Greater emphasis on education
More schools & universities
Women hoped to see status improve- but it stayed the same

45. Political effects of the reformation
Individual monarchs & states gained power
Catholic Church’s moral & political authority declined
Questioning of beliefs & authority will lay groundwork for the Enlightenment