1. BLOOD AND NERVE SUPPLY TO HEAD & NECK

2. Great blood vessels of the Head & Neck
The carotid system of arteries forms the major arterial trunk of the Head and Neck, and the internal jugular vein acts as the main venous channel.

3. It comprises the common carotid and two terminal branches:
Carotid system:
It comprises the common carotid and two terminal branches:
External
Internal carotid arteries

4. COMMON CAROTID ARTERY:

5. COURSE OF COMMON CAROTID ARTERY:
IN THE NECK:

6. IN LOWER PART OF NECK: SUPERIOR BELLY OF OMOHYOID STERNOHYOID
STERNOTHYROID
STERNOMASTOID

7. External Carotid Artery:
It is one of the terminal branch of common carotid artery, and extends from the level of upper border of the lamina of thyroid cartilage to a point behind the neck of the mandible

8. Superficial temporal artery
Maxillary artery

9. At the origin:
Stylohyoid muscle
Posterior belly of digastric

10. Branches of External carotid artery:
It provides eight branches:
1. One from medial side:
Ascending pharyngeal
2. Three from front:
Superior thyroid, Facial and Lingual
3. Two from behind:
Occipital and Posterior auricular
4. Two terminal:
Maxillary and Superficial temporal

11. Branches of External Carotid artery

12. Ascending pharyngeal artery
It is the first branch arising from the medial side of external carotid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery

13. Pharyngeal branch:
Supplies the wall of the pharynx, the tonsil, part of auditory tube and soft palate
Inferior tympanic branch:
Supplies the medial wall of tympanic cavity
Meningeal branch:
Supplies the dura mater

14. Superior thyroid artery
It usually arises from the front of the external carotid artery below the tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone
Superior thyroid artery

15. Superior thyroid artery
omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

16. Superior thyroid artery
Thyroid gland

17. Branches of superior thyroid artery:
Infrahyoid
Superior laryngeal
Cricothyroid branch
Sternomastoid branch
Glandular branches :
Divides into anterior and posterior branches

19. The artery is divided into three parts by the hyoglossus muscle
3. Lingual artery:
It is the principal artery of tongue and arises from the front of the external carotid artery opposite the tip of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone
The artery is divided into three parts by the hyoglossus muscle

20. III (Arteria profunda linguae)
Hyoglossus muscle II

21. Branches of Lingual artery:
Suprahyoid
Dorsal lingual arteries
Sublingual artery

22. Dorsal lingual arteries
Sublingual artery
Suprahyoid artery
Dorsal lingual arteries

23. The artery is divided into two parts cervical and facial
4. Facial artery:
It arises from the front of external carotid artery in carotid triangle just above the tip of the greater cornu of hyoid bone and terminates at the medial angle of the eye as the angular artery
The artery is divided into two parts cervical and facial

24. Posterior belly of digastric
Course of facial artery in the neck:
Stylohyoid muscle
Posterior belly of digastric
Facial artery

25. Facial artery
Submandibular gland

26. Course of facial artery in the face:
Angular artery
Facial artery

27. Branches of facial artery from cervical part:
Ascending palatine artery
Tonsillar artery
Glandular branches
Submental artery

28. Ascending palatine artery
Tonsillar artery
Facial artery
Submental artery

29. Branches of facial artery from facial part:
Inferior labial artery
Superior labial artery
Lateral nasal artery

30. Superior labial artery Inferior labial artery
Lateral nasal artery
Superior labial artery
Inferior labial artery

31. 5. Occipital artery:
It arises in the carotid triangle from the posterior aspect of the external carotid opposite the origin of the facial artery.

32. External carotid artery
Occipital artery
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerve
External carotid artery

33. Branches of Occipital artery:
Sternomastoid branches
Mastoid branches
Meningeal branches
Muscular branches
Descending branch
Occipital branches

35. Posterior auricular artery
It arises from the posterior aspect of external carotid artery above the origin of occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery

36. Branches of posterior auricular artery
Stylomastoid artery:
It enters the stylomastoid foramen and supplies the facial nerve, tympanic cavity, mastoid air cells and semicircular canals
Auricular branch
Occipital branch

37. Superficial temporal artery
It is the smaller terminal branch of external carotid artery and arises within the parotid gland behind the neck of mandible
Superficial temporal artery

38. Branches of Superficial temporal artery:
Transverse facial artery:
It arises with the parotid gland and passes forward between the zygomatic arch and the parotid duct and supplies the parotid gland and its duct, temporomandibular joint, masseter muscle and its overlying structures

39. Transverse facial artery
Parotid duct

40. Branches of Superficial temporal artery:
Anterior auricular artery
Zygomatico-orbital artery
Middle temporal artery
Anterior/Frontal branch
Posterior/ Parietal branch

41. Anterior/frontal branch
Posterior/parietal branch
Zygomatico-orbital artery
Anterior auricular

43. 8. Maxillary artery:
It is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery and arises with in the parotid gland behind the neck of the mandible
The artery is divided into three parts by the lower head of lateral pterygoid muscle
Branches of first and second parts accompany the branches of mandibular and branches of third part accompany with the branches of maxillary nerve

44. Internal Carotid Artery:
It arises from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage opposite to C3 and C4
The entire course of internal carotid artery is divided into four parts:
Cervical
Petrous
Cavernous
Cerebral

45. Internal carotid artery
Carotid sinus

46. Cervical part of internal carotid artery

47. 2. Petrous part:

48. 3. Cavernous part:

49. Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery
3. Cerebral part:
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery

50. Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery

51. Branches of internal carotid artery:
From petrous part:
Caratico-tympanic branches
Branches to pterygoid canal
From the cavernous part
3. Inferior hypophysial arteries
4. Meningeal branch

52. From the cerebral part:
5. Superior hypophysial arteries
6. Ophthalmic arteries
7. Posterior communicating artery
8. Anterior choroid artery
9. Anterior cerebral artery
10. Middle cerebral artery

53. JUGULAR VEINS
Internal jugular vein
- External jugular vein

54. Internal jugular vein:
The internal jugular vein collects the blood from the brain, superficial part of the face and the neck
It begins as a continuation of sigmoid sinus at the base of the skull in the posterior compartment of the jugular foramen

55. Internal & External jugular veins

56. Tributaries of Internal Jugular Vein:
Inferior petrosal sinus
Pharyngeal veins
Common facial vein
Lingual vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid vein
Sometimes occipital vein
Thoracic duct on the left side/Right lymphatic duct on the contralateral side

58. Inferior petrosal sinus

59. Communications:
With external jugular vein in the upper part of neck by means oblique jugular vein
With cavernous sinus through inferior petrosal sinus and a plexus of veins around internal carotid artery

60. Sensory & Motor supply of the face

61. The trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve is the largest and most complex of the 12 cranial nerves (CNs).
It supplies sensations to the face, mucous membranes, and other structures of the head.
It is the motor nerve for the muscles of mastication and contains proprioceptive fibers

62. Cutaneous innervation of neck:

64. Sensory supply of the face:
Three divisions of the trigeminal nerve, ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular supply major part of the skin of the face and forehead in three distinct territories
Cutaneous branches of trigeminal are altogether eleven in number:
a. Five from Ophthalmic
b. Three from Maxillary
c. Three from Mandibular

72. THE END
THANK YOU

74. The end