1. External carotid artery
DR.AYAT ELDOMOUKY

2. ECA: begin, course.

3. END

4. Relation anterolateral sternomastoid hypoglossal n. facial n
Relation anterolateral sternomastoid hypoglossal n. facial n.within parotid medially pharynx, stylopharyngeal m. glossopharyngeal n. and pharyngeal branch of vagus n.
FACIAL NERVE

5. Branches of ECA

6. Maxillary artery

7. Begin, course, end.
Begin: The maxillary artery is the largest branch of the external carotid artery
Course: The maxillary artery originates within the substance of the parotid gland and then passes forward, behind the neck of mandible
It passes through the infratemporal fossa and then between the upper and lower heads of lateral pterygoid to access the pterygomaxillary fissure to enters the pterygopalatine fossa.
End: as infraorbital artery.

8. Maxillary artery divided into three parts by lateral pterygoid muscle 1- first part deep to the neck of mandible 2- second part pass either superficial or deep to lateral pterygoid muscle 3- third part enter perygopalatine fossa

9. Branches:

10. Branches
1-the first part of the maxillary artery (MIADA) gives origin to two major branches (the middle meningeal and inferior alveolar arteries) and a number of smaller branches (deep auricular, anterior tympanic, and accessory meningeal).
2-the second part of the maxillary artery gives origin to deep temporal, masseteric, buccal, and pterygoid branches.
3-the third part of the maxillary artery (PIGPPS) the posterior superior alveolar, infra-orbital, greater palatine, pharyngeal, sphenopalatine arteries and the artery of the pterygoid canal

12. Internal jugular vein
BEGIN
COURSE
END
RELATION
TRIBUTARIES

14. RELATION

15. Important notes External carotid artery
Begin: from CCA at the upper border of thyroid cartilage
End: inside the parotid gland by dividing into mx. And superficial temporal arteries
Branches:
1. superior thyroid artery
2. facial artery
3. Lingual artery
4. Occipital and posterior auricular arteries
5. Ascending pharyngeal artery
6. Two terminal branches

16. Maxillary artery Begin: from ECA inside parotid gland
End: in the orbit as infraorbital artery
Branches:
A. of first part: middle meningeal, inferior alveolar, accessory meningeal, deep auricular and ant. Tympanic arteries
B. of second part: deep temporal, ptrygoid, buccal and massteric arteries
C. of third part: posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, grater and lesser palatine and sphenopalatine arteries

17. Important veins Internal jugular vein
Begin: as contiuation of sigmoid sinus and leave skull throught jugular foramen
End: join subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein
Tributaries:
1. facial vein
2. Lingual vein
3. Pharyngeal vein
4. Thyroid veins