1. Life Science: Tissues of the Body

2. BODY TISSUES *Four primary types *Tissue: Muscle tissue Nervous tissue
Group of cells with similar structure & function
*Four primary types
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
Connective tissue
Epithelium

3. 4 Main Types of Body Tissues:
1. Muscle:
composed of cells that can contract and relax to produce movement
2. Nervous:
ends signals throughout the body
3. Epithelial:
(skin) covers and protects underlying tissue.
4. Connective:
(blood, collagen) joins, supports, protects, nourishes, and cushions organs

4. Muscle Tissue Contracts, or shortens, making body parts MOVE
ONLY body tissue that can contract
MUST have energy
produced by Mitochondria
Made of LOOOOONG, parallel fibers
What gives the muscle fibers messages to move?
_________ & _________

5. Muscle Tissue Functions:
Movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Facial expressions
Pumps blood

6. Muscle Tissue Main Function to produce MOVEMENT!! Three types
1. Skeletal muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Cardiac muscle
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

7. 1. SKELETAL MUSCLE called “Striated” due to its “striped” look
VOLUNTARY
YOU tell it what to do
Tires Easily
Requires constant energy
From Mitochondria
Figure 3.19b
Slide 3.65
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. 2. SMOOTH MUSCLE INVOLUNTARY Does NOT tire easily
Lines inside of many INTERNAL organs
NO visible striations
Figure 3.19a
Slide 3.67
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9. 3. CARDIAC MUSCLE ONLY in the HEART Does NOT tire easily
Function  to pump blood
Does NOT tire easily
Characteristics of Both Skeletal & Smooth:
Striated like skeletal muscle
Involuntary like smooth muscle
Figure 3.19c

10. Types of Muscle Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle
Muscle attached to bones
Smooth Muscle
muscle of stomach, blood vessels, & internal organs
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle of the heart

11. Nervous Tissue
Carries messages back and forth between the brain and ALL body parts
Main components of the nervous system
brain
spinal cord
Nerves.

12. Nerve Cells Cell body  Dendrites  Axons  Main Structure
branched “arms”
pick up incoming chemical information
Axons 
sends out chemical information

13. Nerve Cells

14. Epithelial Tissues ALWAYS faces a free surface No blood supply
Examples: Skin; lining of mouth
No blood supply
Regenerate easily
Where is it?
Body & Organ Covering
Skin
Body Lining:
cavities, tubes, ducts
blood vessels

15. Epithelial Tissues: Functions: Protection from injury & bacteria
Prevents loss of water
Protection from the Environment outside the body
Regulates Body Temperature
Eliminates Waste
Gathers Information about the Environment
Produces Vitamin D (Sunlight/UV Rays)

16. Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Number of cell layers
Simple – one laye
Stratified – more than one layer
Shape of cells
Squamous – flattened
Cuboidal – cube-shaped
Columnar – column-like

18. Connective Tissue Most abundant tissue Connective Tissue Functions:
Connects and supports the body
Tendons, ligaments, bone, etc.
Protects & cushions organs and tissues
Insulates (fat)
Transports substances (blood).

19. Connective Tissue Types
1. Bone
Supports & protects
Strong, hard
RED BLOOD cell production
made in bone marrow (center of bone)
Tree ring-like appearance
Slide 3.56
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

20. Connective Tissue Types
2. Cartilage
More Flexible than Bone
Gives Support:
Nose
Ears
End of Joints
Some, NOT all, will become bone.

21. Connective Tissue Types
3. Ligaments
attach bone to bone
4. Tendon
attach bone to muscle

22. Connective Tissue Types
5. Fat
Functions:
Insulates the body
Protects some organs
Stores energy
Honeycomb or chicken wire appearance

23. Connective Tissue Types
6. Blood:
Liquid
Carries substances through the body

24. Organization of Life
A group of cells work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form tissues.
Muscle cells working together to form muscle tissue

25. Organization of Life
If two or more tissues work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ.
Ex.
Stomach, heart, skin
Stems, roots

26. Organization of Life
If two or more organs work together to perform a specific job in the body then they form an organ system.
Ex. Digestive system, Circulatory System, Respiratory System. (What does each of these systems do in your body?)

27. Organization of Life An organism is anything that can live on its own.
Unicellular: A single cell living on its own.
Ex: ameba, paramecium
Multicellular: Multiple cells that rely on each other for survival. Most of the cells in a multicellular organism cannot live outside the body.
Ex. Us

28. Tying it all Together

29. Figure 3.7; 1, 2
Slide 3.19a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

30. Specific Nervous Tissue Types Nervous – Neuron
Branching cells with many long processes
Large central nucleus
Transmit impulses from one area of the body to other areas
Regulate activities through neuron impulses