1. The Lakota Before Contact with the Americans

2. A Necessity of Life for Plains Indians
Buffalo
A Necessity of Life for Plains Indians

3. A Necessity of Life for Plains Indians
Buffalo
A Necessity of Life for Plains Indians

4. Drying Buffalo Hides (teepees, clothes, saddles)

5. Native Americans on the Plains
Tribes ( ) in plains and ________ are ______ _____. They follow_____ herds. Major source of ____, _____, _____. Indians are completely dependent on it.
Cheyenne, Lakota, Dakota
Black Hills
nomadic
hunters
buffalo
food
clothing
shelter 1.

6. Fort Laramie Treaty

7. General William Sherman
Fort Laramie Treaty
General William Sherman

8. General Sherman: Used “Total War” against Atlanta

9. Atlanta Ruins resources enemy
Total War: Destroy all ________ that could be used by _______ to continue fighting.
resources
enemy 2.

10. General Sheridan: Used “Total War” against Virginia

12. Native Americans Agree To: United States Agrees to:
Fort Laramie Treaty:
Native Americans Agree To:
United States Agrees to:
 hunt and live on a limited area, but they can own the land forever can negotiate treaties with US
 give money, domestic animals, agricultural tools, and other goods to Native Americans 3.

13. Pike’s Peak

14. Pike’s Peak
= Gold

15. Miners flock to Pike’s Peak and invade Native American Treaty land to mine gold

17. The Effects of the Gold Rush on Native Americans

18. Colorado Springs, at base of Pike’s Peak

19. (65 years after discovery of Gold)
Colorado Springs,
(65 years after discovery of Gold)

20. Check For Understanding:
1. What animal were the plains Indians completely dependent on?

21. TOTAL WAR Check For Understanding:
2. What tactic did Sherman and Sheridan use to defeat the South?
TOTAL WAR

22. Check For Understanding:
3. Why did many American settlers ignore the Fort Laramie Treaty and move onto reservation land?

23. Chivington (Sand Creek) Massacre

25. Col. John Chivington:
“The Cheyennes will have to be roundly whipped -- or completely wiped out -- before they will be quiet. I say that if any of them are caught in your vicinity, the only thing to do is kill them."

26. Chivington to Church Deacons:
Chivington Massacre:
Chivington to Church Deacons:
"It simply is not possible for Indians to obey or even understand any treaty. I am fully satisfied, gentlemen, that to kill them is the only way we will ever have peace and quiet in Colorado."

27. Black Kettle
Negotiated peace settlement with US Army two months before Sand Creek Massacre

28. Black Kettle to US Forces:
Chivington Massacre:
(Sand Creek Massacre)
Black Kettle to US Forces:
“I want you to give all the chiefs of the soldiers here to understand that we are for peace, and that we have made peace, that we may not be mistaken by them for enemies.

29. Chivington Massacre:
(Sand Creek Massacre)
I have not come with a little wolf’s bark, but have come to talk plain with you.... [W]hen I go home and tell my people that I have taken your hand and the hands of all the chiefs here in Denver, they will feel well.”

30. white American 163 Chivington Massacre:
(Sand Creek Massacre)
Indians at Black Kettle’s camp were flying both ______ flags and the ____________ flag. Chivington’s men open fire anyway, and kill at least ____ Indians. Some bodies mutilated and sexually abused.
white
American
163 4.

31. Chivington’s men had four 12 pound cannons.

32. 4 tons punished not guilty Chivington Massacre:
(Sand Creek Massacre)
4 tons
punished
not guilty
Army pours over _______ of ammunition into Indians. Congress suggests Chivington should be __________. Military court finds Chivington ____________ of any crimes. He goes unpunished. 5.

33. Red Cloud
“When the white man comes in my country he leaves a trail of blood behind him”

34. Carlisle Indian School
Note: In Lakota culture a short hair cut is a sign of being a coward.

35. Custer attacks Black Kettle’s Winter Quarters

36. US General George Custer
Leads a “_______” expedition into the _________. His men find _____. Custer protects rights of _______ and violates rights of _________.
scientific
gold
miners
Black Hills
Indians 6.

37. Custer’s Army Heads West*
(Page 9)
Custer’s Army Heads West

38. Little Big Horn

39. Little Bighorn: non-treaty reservations presence Indians “treaty”
thousand.
3or 4
Several “___________” Indians refuse to give up land. They oppose the army's __________ on _______________. Custer tries to subdue __________. They are joined by __________ Indians to form a force of _____ __________. 7.

46. Graves of Custer’s Men

47. Little Bighorn: destroy no worst defeat more troops
The forces of Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull completely ________ Custer’s army. There are ____ survivors. At the time, the battle is the ______ ______ in Army history. But, as a result, the US will send _____ _______.
destroy
worst defeat no
more troops 8.

48. The Aftermath of Little Big Horn

49. Check For Understanding:
1. What Native American Chief tried to make a peaceful treaty with the US Government before the Chivington (Sand Creek) Massacre?
Black Kettle

50. George Custer Check For Understanding:
2. Who led US forces at the Battle of Little Bighorn?
George Custer

51. Captured and ______ while in captivity. He was _______ in the ______.
Crazy Horse
Captured and ______ while in captivity. He was _______ in the ______.
killed
stabbed
back. 9.

52. Sitting Bull
Is ______ when army forces try to capture him. His followers join _________.
killed
Big Foot
10.

56. Goes through heart of Indian’s Land*
(Page 9)
Transcontinental Railroad
Goes through heart of Indian’s Land

57. “Cow Catcher”

58. “Cow Catcher”

60. Hired by train companies to hunt buffalo.
William Cody
Hired by train companies to hunt buffalo.
“Buffalo Bill”
Commercial buffalo hunters may kill as many as ____ buffalo in an hour. As many as _____________ a year.
100
2 to 3 million
11.

61. Hides of Slaughtered Buffalo*
(Page 9)

62. food shelter clothing starve death
Effect on Native Americans: Loss of ______, ______, and ________. Many ______ to _______.
food
shelter
clothing
starve
death
12.

63. Wovoka: Native American Prophet who believed in the Ghost Dance

65. The Ghost Dance

67. The Ghost Dance Ceremonial Dress: Thought to have the magical power to protect wearer from bullets

69. Check For Understanding:
Name two Native American warriors who fought in the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Crazy Horse & Sitting Bull

70. Check For Understanding:
2. How did the US government react to the Battle of Little Bighorn?
The US army relentlessly chase Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull and intimidate non-reservation Indians.

71. Army looking for followers of _________ who have joined Bigfoot.
Sitting Bull
13.

72. Wounded Knee: Bigfoot’s Ghost Dance Sitting Bull machine guns 150 370
freeze
death
Army comes to _______ camp looking for followers of _________. Indians are taking part in ____________ ceremonies. Army, using _______ ____ fire on Indians. Between ____ and _____ killed. Others flee into countryside and _______ to _______.
14.

73. Cavalry with Machine Guns*
(Page 9)
Cavalry with Machine Guns

74. Chief Bigfoot, frozen to death
Wounded Knee
Chief Bigfoot, frozen to death

75. Wounded Knee

76. Wounded Knee

77. Wounded Knee

78. Chief Joseph

79. The Flight of the Nez Perce
1855: Nez Perce sign treaty giving them _____________ acres.
1860: ______ is discovered on Nez Perce land.
1863: New treaty reduces Nez Perce land to _________acres. ____________ refuses to recognize smaller reservation.
7,000,000
Gold
700,000
Chief Joseph
15.

80. The Flight of the Nez Perce
1876: __ _______ kill a Nez Perce Indian and are found ___ _____.
1877:
May: Army tries to force _________ onto reservation.
June: ___ Nez Perce warriors kill ___settlers living nearby. 3
4 settlers
not guilty
Joseph 4
16.

81. The Flight of the Nez Perce
1877:
June: ____ US soldiers go after Nez Perce. ___ days later a battle ensues killing ___ soldiers and ___ Indians.
July: Knowing they will be hunted and killed, Chief Joseph tries to lead followers to __________. 80 3 37
Canada
17.

82. The Flight of the Nez Perce
1877:
Nez Perce embark on ______ mile journey, followed by US Army. Over ____ separate battles are fought.
Oct.: Chief Joseph, with ____ Nez Perce surrender to US Army ___ miles from Canadian border.
1,000 20
380 40
18.

84. Route taken by Nez Perce was dictated by rough mountain terrain.

86. Chief Joseph
I am tired of fighting.  Our chiefs are killed.  Looking Glass is dead.  The old men are all dead.  It is the young men who say yes or no.   It is cold and we have no blankets.  The little children are freezing to death.  My people, some of them, have run away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. 

87. Chief Joseph
No one knows where they are--perhaps freezing to death.  I want to have time to look for my children and see how many I can find.  Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my chiefs.  I am tired.  My heart is sick and sad.  From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.

88. The Effects of American Progress on Native Americans

89. Family Life in the Frontier West