1. New American Diplomacy

2. American Diplomacy in Asia
After the assassination of President William McKinley, President Theodore Roosevelt mediated disputes in Latin America & Asia and acquired the Panama Canal Zone. Presidents Taft and Woodrow Wilson worked to increase trade & influence in Latin America.
By 1899, the US was a major power in Asia with naval bases all over the Pacific.
The US had the 3rd largest navy to exert power over East Asia.
The US mainly wanted more trade with Asia rather than conquest.
US exports to China increased by 4.
China only bought 2% of US goods but, US business people were excited about trade opportunities in China.
The “Open Door” Policy
An 1894 war between Japan and China over Korea showed that Japan had modernized with western technology and industry and that China was far weaker than people thought.
China gave Korea independence & gave Japan –Manchuria.
Russia did not want Japan to get Manchuria
Russia, France, Germany forced Japan to give Manchuria back.
1898- Russia & other countries demanded that China lease them ports and land (Leaseholds).
With “Leaseholds” these foreign countries could control trade (Spheres of Influence).
The US became alarmed about “leaseholds” and declared that there should be “Open Door” Trade allowed in China.

3. The Boxer Rebellion
Many Chinese people resented the presence of so many foreign business people, missionaries etc.
Secret groups in China began to form to resist western culture.
The Society of Harmonious Fists—”Boxers” formed
In 1900, they decided to drive out foreign influence — Boxer Rebellion.
200 foreigners were killed, western embassies attacked, German Ambassador to China killed.
An international force (50,000 troops including 3,400 Americans) landed in China to rescue foreigners and stop the Boxers.
Aftermath
The US and other countries required China to pay for losses
Guaranteed the US could trade in China

4. President Theodore Roosevelt Becomes President
How did Theodore Roosevelt become President?
The Election of 1900
Republican William McKinley (pro-Imperialism; running for a second term).
Chose Theodore Roosevelt as his running mate.
Campaign Slogan “Four More Years of the Full Dinner Pail”.
Promised continued prosperity
Democrat William Jennings Bryan (anti-imperialist)
William McKinley WON!!
Roosevelt Becomes President
1901- William McKinley is assassinated by Leon Czolgosz.
Roosevelt became president aged 42; youngest ever.
Roosevelt wanted to increase American power overseas.

5. Balancing Power in East Asia
Roosevelt in Asia
Roosevelt helped bring an end to the Russo-Japanese War.
1906- Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping end the war.
The relationship between Japan & the US steadily got worse—both competing for control in Pacific
The Panama Canal
Roosevelt believed in strong global military presence
“Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick” –Roosevelt’s guiding philosophy for Foreign policy.
Roosevelt maneuvered so that the US was able to build the canal and control it’s day to day operations until 1999.
Construction began in
Shortened the travel between the Atlantic to Pacific by 8,000 miles.
The Roosevelt Corollary
1823-Monroe Doctrine – this hemisphere is off limits to Europe!!
Early 1900’s US officials were concerned about debts Latin American nations owed Europe nations.
The Roosevelt Corollary stated that the US would intervene in Latin America to maintain economic & political stability.
Roosevelt used the Corollary to collect debts in the Dominican Republic owed to Europe.
1905-the US collected the debt using the US Marines.

6. President Taft’s Foreign Policy
Latin American nations resented the growing American influence in the region. President William Howard Taft (after Roosevelt), continued many of Roosevelt’s policies BUT…
Placed less emphasis on using military force than Roosevelt
Taft focused on helping Latin American nations grow industry
Dollar Diplomacy—”Substituting Dollars for Bullets”
Replaced European loans to Latin America with more from the US== Europe has less reason to come over and intervene.
US banks took over debt Honduras owed Britain & control of Haiti’s national bank.
1911- US Marines entered Nicaragua to restore order; replaced the tax collectors with an American—US troops stayed there until 1925.

7. President Wilson’s Foreign Policy
President Wilson opposed imperialism and wanted to create a foreign policy based on honesty and unselfishness.
Also believed Democracy was ESSENTIAL to a nation’s stability & prosperity==the US would seek to promote Democracy around the world.
The Mexican Revolution
In 1911, a revolution erupted in Mexico pitting landless poor against Dictator Pofirio Diaz.
The Revolutionaries were led by Francisco Madera
1913-Madera was murdered by Gen. Victoriano Huerta’s forces.
Wilson detested Huerta’s methods and government (anti-democratic)
Wilson ordered the US navy to intercept all arms shipments bound for Huerta.
The US allowed Huerta’s opponents to get weapons.
The Tampico Incident
1914-US sailors visiting the city of Tampico, Mexico were arrested for trespassing & quickly released.
The US commander demanded an apology—Mexico refused.
Wilson ordered the US NAVY to shell Vera Cruz harbor—German ships unloading weapons
Wilson sent US Marines to take Vera Cruz.==ANTI-AMERICAN RIOTS OCCURRED.
International mediation ended the crisis.

8. Wilson and Mexico Wilson takes on Pancho Villa
Mexican President Huerta was replaced by Carranza (supported by Wilson)
Mexican forces led by Pancho Villa who were opposed to Carranza attacked US TERRITORY –hoping to bring the US in..
Villa’s forces burned Columbus, New Mexico
Wilson sent US forces and Gen. John Pershing to capture Villa with no success.
Wilson’s foreign Policies damaged US RELATIONS.
Britain- Wilson is trying to shoot the Mexicans to Democracy
Latin America saw it as no improvement over Roosevelt.
1914—Wilson got a deal for US bases in Nicaragua
1915- Sent Marines to Haiti were they stayed until 1934.
1916—Sent troops to Dominican Republic to keep order & set up a government there.