1. Chapter 3
Dina James

2. Checking From Head to Toe (Conscious person)
Do not move areas in which they have discomfort or if you suspect a head, neck, back injury
Check the person’s head by examining the scalp, face, ears, nose and mouth
Look for cuts, bruises, bumps or depressions
Watch for changes in consciousness

3. Continued
Look for changes in the person’s breathing – noisy, rasping, gurgling, whistling- fast, slow, painful
Notice how the skin looks or feels – damp, dry, cool, hot – red, pale or ashen
Look over the body – head to toe check – do not move parts that hurt
Look for medical ID tag or bracelets

4. Checking a Conscious Person

5. Continued

6. Checking an unconscious person
Always check to see if an unconscious person –
Has an open airway
Shows signs of life (movement or breathing)
Is bleeding severe

7. Continued An easy way to check this is to think of ABC
Airway – open the airway
Breathing – check for movement or breathing
Circulation - check for signs of life (including a pulse for infant and child) and Severe bleeding

8. Airway Unconscious and lying on back – tongue can block the airway
Head tilt/chin lift

9. Breathing
Look, listen and feel for breathing – no more than 10 seconds
If not breathing give 2 breaths – each breath lasting 1 second
If the person is breathing – his or her heart is beating

10. Circulation
If an adult is not breathing – assume a cardiac emergency and begin CPR
If a child or infant is not breathing – check pulse no more than 10 seconds
Child – carotid artery
Infant – Brachial artery
No pulse – start CPR
No breathing but has a pulse – start rescue breathing

11. Severe Bleeding Do a head to toe check for bleeding
Bleeding usually looks worse then it really is
It is not always easy to recognize severe bleeding

12. Shock
Is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the body’s tissues and vital organs
When the vital organs do not receive this blood they fail to function properly
This triggers a series of responses that produce specific signals known as shock
These responses are the bodies attempt to maintain adequate blood flow

13. Shock continued
When someone is injured or suddenly ill their body function may be interrupted
With minor injuries or illnesses the body bounces back quickly
With major injuries or illnesses the body is unable to adjust

14. Signals of Shock Restlessness or irritability
Altered level of consciousness
Nausea or vomiting
Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
Rapid breathing and pulse
Excessive thirst

15. Caring for Shock Call 911 Have the person lie down
Control external bleeding
Elevate the person’s legs about 12 inches (unless you suspect a head or neck injury or possible broken bones of the legs)

16. Caring for Shock Cont. Help maintain normal body temperature
Don’t give anything to drink or eat
Reassure the person
Continue to monitor ABC

17. Child

18. Child

19. Infant

20. Infant