1. A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe
600 CE – 1450 CE
A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

2. Taking a Step Back… the Fall of Rome:
What was the impact of the fall of Rome on Western Europe?
What happened to the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire?

3. Charlemagne or Charles the Great:
Grandson of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer & the Battle of Tours)
Built an Empire from the North Sea to the Mediterranean - included most of modern France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Northern Italy
Supported by the Pope & spread Christianity throughout conquered lands.
Founder of the Holy Roman Empire
Re-birth of education and learning in the dark ages

4. Nomadic Invaders: The Vikings
Where did the Vikings come from?
What part of Europe did they first raid?
How did the “engineering” of the Viking longships make them more dangerous? Where could they sail (depth of waters)?

5. A political and economic system based on loyalty and military service.
Feudalism:
A political and economic system based on loyalty and military service.

6. Feudalism: Where did feudalism originate?
What type of government would feudalism be and why?

7. An economic system based on self-sufficiency and little to no trade.
Manorialism:
An economic system based on self-sufficiency and little to no trade.

8. The Unifying Social and Political Factor in Medieval Europe
What major institution survived the fall of Rome?
What version of Christendom spread into Western Europe?

9. How was the Church a powerful institution in the Middle Ages?
Missionary activity
United the Germanic tribes of Western Europe with the help of Clovis and Charlemagne
Preserved learning as the major source of literacy
Performed basic social services (caring for sick/poor)
Significant political influence on rulers
How might the Pope’s status conflict with the growing power of kings?

10. Great Schism of 1054
Divided or split the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church led by the pope in the West and the Orthodox Church led by the patriarch in the East.

11. Western vs. Eastern Christianity
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodoxy
Leadership
Pope
Patriarch
Power Source
Pope over rulers; appointed bishops
Patriarch led church with emperor influence
Language
Latin
Greek
Priests & Divorce
Could not marry; divorce not permitted
Could marry; divorce with stipulations
Major Holiday
Christmas
Easter

12. Cross Cultural Connections: The Crusades
Why did the Crusades begin?
How did Muslims in al-Andalus (Iberia/Spain) help return learning and culture to Europe?
Why were the Crusades significant?

13. Trade in Europe Label the city of Novograd & Venice (city-state)
Europe’s growing population needed goods that were not readily available to them.
As foreign invasions and feudal warfare declined, trade increased in a variety of areas.
Label the city of Novograd & Venice (city-state)

14. Europe and the Little Ice Age
What were the effects of the Little Ice Age in Europe?
How did the Little Ice Age contribute to the decline of urban areas in this period?
What effect did the peasant rebellions have on government?

15. Europe & the Little Ice Age, Cont…
What other events throughout 600 – 1450 C.E. contributed to the fall of cities? Think!
What factors led to the revival of cities throughout the C.E. period? Think!

16. The Commercial Revolution & Economic Changes
The revival of trade led to a revolution in commerce.
As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy goods. The reintroduction of money led European merchants to develop new business practices, such as:
Setting up of banking houses (banks).
Joining together to set up partnerships.
Developing insurance.
Adopting bill of exchange and later checks.
Use of credit.

17. Hanseatic League
Commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe.
Stretched from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea (and inland )
Had own legal system and army

18. Social Changes
The Commercial Revolution not only transformed the medieval economy, it also reshaped medieval society.
The use of money undermined serfdom. Most peasants became tenant farmers or hired farm laborers. In towns, a new middle class of merchants, traders, and artisans emerged.
The Church forbade Christians from becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from other professions, many took on this role. Jewish communities appeared in the Mediterranean.

19. Guilds
In medieval towns, merchants and artisans formed associations called guilds.
Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and making other important decisions.
A craft guild was made up of workers in a particular occupation. To prevent competition, only a certain number of people could work in any trade.

20. Medieval Architecture
Romanesque
Gothic

21. The Effect of the Black Plague
Why did the Black Death spread? NOT fleas on rats!!!
What were the effects of the Black Death?
Bring Out Your Dead…Just Because…

22. Magna Carta or the Great Charter, 1215
King John I
Monarchs were not above the law.
Limited power of the king
Kings had to consult a council of advisors.
Kings could not tax arbitrarily.
Forced to sign by nobility
Originally defends rights of the nobility but gradually gave basic legal rights to the people

23. Power Shifts to the People
How did the 100 Years War encourage the power of kings?
The monarchs in England and France were recognized as national leaders, increasing nationalism and decreasing the Church’s power; monarchs hired professional armies

24. End of the Hundred Years War
Cannons
Questioning Authority of the Church
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