1. NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850)
CALL TO FREEDOM--Beginnings to 1877
1/3/2018
Chapter 15
NEW MOVEMENTS IN AMERICA (1815–1850)
Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening
Section 2: Immigrants and Cities
Section 3: Reforming Society
Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery
Section 5: Women’s Rights
Chapter 15

2. OBJECTIVES Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening
How did religion affect Americans during the Second Great Awakening?
What were the transcendentalists’ views of American society?
What were some ideas of the romantic movement?

3. OBJECTIVES Section 2: Immigrants and Cities
Why did so many Irish and German immigrants come to the United States in the 1840’s and 1850’s?
How did some Americans react to immigrants?
What caused U.S. cities to grow, and what benefits and problems did this growth create?

4. Wave of Immigrants Section 2: Immigrants and Cities
fled to escape harsh government
fled to escape religious persecution
1845 Irish Potato Famine, harsh British treatment

6. Response to Immigrants
Some became nativists- born in the U.S., hate immigrants, especially blacks and Irish/Catholics.
formed the Know-Nothing Party, popular in North.
nativist – U.S. citizens who opposed immigration because they were suspicious of immigrants and feared losing jobs to them
They took our jobs! Terk er dobs!

7. Causes of the growth of Cities
Section 2: Immigrants and Cities
Causes of the growth of Cities
Industrial and Transportation Revolutions
Rural Migration = rural to urban- people moving to cities for factory jobs.
Immigration to U.S. from Europe.
Benefits: aided business owners, brought skilled workers, and furthered arts and culture.
Problems: crime, disease, overcrowding, limited transportation, conflicts between social classes, lack of safe housing, poor sanitation, tenements

8. Tenements- dirty, overcrowded apartment buildings in the cities.

9. OBJECTIVES Section 3: Reforming Society
How did reformers improve prisons in the early and mid-1800’s?
Why did reformers start the temperance movement?
How did Americans’ educational opportunities change during the early and mid 1800’s?

10. Second Great Awakening
Section 1: America’s Spiritual Awakening
Second Great Awakening
Advances in industry, farming and technology caused people to worry more about money and less about church and God.
Ministers were losing church membership and afraid of the impact on society.
Appealed to women and minorities, helped build support for Abolition and Womens’ Suffrage

11. Prison Reform in the Mid 1800’s
Section 3: Reforming Society
Prison Reform in the Mid 1800’s
separate facilities for mentally ill and criminals
state hospitals
reform schools
houses of correction

12. Temperance Movement
The temperance movement was begun to halt alcohol abuse and social problems.
Social Problems:
Divorce, child abuse, spousal abuse, crime, poverty.

13. Changes in Education – early and mid 1800’s
States begin using taxes to open public schools and pay teachers, pass laws requiring student attendance.
common-school movement
more funding and better salaries
greater opportunities for women, African Americans, and people with special needs
Horace Mann- “Father of the Common School Movement”

14. OBJECTIVES Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery
Why did some Americans become abolitionists?
How did abolitionists spread the movement’s message?
Why were some Americans against abolition?

15. Abolitionists- want slavery ended.
Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery
Abolitionists- want slavery ended.
American abolitionists opposed slavery on religious, moral and political grounds. Others wanted to prevent conflicts between races.
Grimke Sisters
John Brown
Frederick Douglass
William Lloyd Garrison
Harriet Beecher Stowe

16. Abolitionist Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery
Usually white and middle-to-upper class, they believed that slavery was a sin against God, and that it had to be removed at ANY cost.
Spreading the Message…
speaking tours- speeches to crowds
newspaper articles and pamphlets
poetry and literature
The Liberator- William Lloyd Garrison’s Abolitionist Newspaper
American Anti-Slavery Society
The North Star- Frederick Douglass’s Abolitionist Newspaper

17. Frederick Douglass
William Lloyd Garrison

18. UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses used by slaves to escape to free states, Canada, and Cuba with the aid of abolitionists.
“station house”- safe place, usually a house of a white abolitionist, had supplies and food.
“conductor”- the people who brought the slaves out secretly, usually former slaves themselves; H. Tubman.

19. Underground Railroad
Hidden or secret, not literally beneath the surface of the Earth !!!
Not literally a
railroad !!!
John Rankin’s house was one of the famous stops in the Underground R.R.
"on my Underground Railroad, I never ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger."
Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. 1820–March 10, 1913) was born a slave in Maryland and escaped to freedom in Once free, she went back into slave states 19 times to rescue over 300 slaves. $40,000 price on her head. Dead or alive
Escaping slaves were well hidden for their travels in wagons like these when grain bags were piled around the hiding area.

20. Section 4: The Movement to End Slavery
Opposition to Abolition- Pro slavery (Most Americans opposed abolition)
Northerners thought freed slaves would take jobs away from whites- “they’ll take our jobs!”
South thought slavery was a vital part of Southern economy and culture- “can’t farm without them!”
South opposed interference from outsiders- “stay out of our business!”
Many feared losing millions of $ and thought South’s economy would collapse

21. OBJECTIVES Section 5: Women’s Rights SEE WOMENS RIGHTS POWERPOINT!!!
How did the abolitionist movement affect the women’s rights movement?
What were some goals of the women’s rights movement?
What was the purpose of the Seneca Falls convention, and why was it significant?

22. Influence of Abolition on Women’s Rights
Section 5: Women’s Rights
Influence of Abolition on Women’s Rights
Women felt they had to defend their rights to speak in public.

23. Goals of Women’s Rights Movement
Section 5: Women’s Rights
Goals of Women’s Rights Movement
reform and abolition
better education
voting rights
property ownership and control

24. Seneca Falls Convention
Section 5: Women’s Rights
Seneca Falls Convention
Purpose: organize a women’s rights movement
Significance: first public meeting for women’s rights in the U.S.