1. -Grab a note sheet!!
-Get out something to write with!!
-We have a lot of notes to take today….

2. Sub-Sahara Africa

3. Landforms

4. Rumenzori Mountains

5. “Mountains of the Moon”
Permanent snow capped peaks
Located border of Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo
Cloud coverage at the tops of the mountains is created by moist air

6. Escarpment

7. Definition
Steep cliff
Usually line the coast line

8. Drakensberg Range

9. Drakensberg Escarpment
“The Dragon Mountain”
Located between Lesotho and South Africa
Peak- 11,420 ft asl

10. Mount Kenya

11. 2nd highest mountain in Africa
Located in Kenya
Peak 17,057 ft asl
Runoff from Mount Kenya provides water and electricity for over 2 million people
Inactive Volcano

12. Mount Kilimanjaro

13. Highest freestanding mountain in the world 19,341 ft asl
“White Mountain”
Highest peak in Africa
Highest freestanding mountain in the world
19,341 ft asl
Inactive Volcano
Located in Tanzania

14. Great Rift Valley

15. Continuous trench 3,700 miles long
Extends from Mozambique (Africa) to Syria (Southwest Asia)
Created by shifting and spreading plates (earthquakes common)

16. Bodies of Water

17. Lake Victoria

18. Africa’s largest lake 3rd largest freshwater lake in world
Located Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya
Feeds the White Nile River
Pollution caused from discharge of raw sewage, industrial waste, and farm fertilizers

20. “Large expanse of water”
Located Chad, Niger, Nigeria, Cameroon
Provides water to more than 20 million people
“Shrinking lake” labeled a ecological catastrophe (Shrank up to 95% in 1998)
Drought, Landlocked, Population increases

21. Lake Volta

22. Ghana’s Lake
Provides hydroelectricity to Ghana
Largest man-made lake (reservoir) in world
Supplies irrigation and fish

24. “Great River” 3rd longest river in Africa
Empties into the Atlantic Ocean- Niger Delta

25. Victoria Falls
Zambezi River

26. Zambezi River 4th largest river in Africa
Mouth- Zambezi Delta at the Indian Ocean
Large populations of hippos and crocodiles

27. Victoria Falls
Located on the Zambezi River on the border of Zimbabwe and Zambia
360 foot drop
Located on a plateau

28. Congo (Zaire) River

29. 2nd longest river in Africa- 2,922 miles
Flows through the 2nd largest rainforest in the world
Provides transportation for the lands without roads

31. River is a natural boundary between South Africa & Namibia and South Africa & Lesotho
Provides hydroelectricity and irrigation for South Africa

32. Natural Resources

33. Agriculture ¾ of African Farmers practice Subsistence Agriculture
Large farms grow Cash Crops- coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber
Cash Crops used for exports so if there is a bad harvest there is no food to feed the citizens
70% employment
Produce less today, despite population tripling in size. Due to drought and bad soil conditions.

34. "Black Gold"

35. Nigeria has the largest reserves of petroleum
Employs ~2 million people
Profits go to large corporations or governments
Natural Resources have been detrimental to economies
Example- Congo has a vast amount of resources but it is one of the poorest countries in the world. (LEDC)

36. Gold and Diamonds

37. Botswana- largest producers of diamonds in the world
USA- largest consumers of diamonds in the world
20% of diamonds are sold illegally
South Africa has ½ the worlds gold

38. Solar Power

39. Climate Sahel and Horn of Africa- Yellow
Tropical Savannah- Light Green
Tropical Rainforest- Dark Green
Mediterranean- Olive
Arid- Orange
Climate

40. Tropical Rainforest

41. Tropical Rain Forest
The majority of Africa lies between 23 ½ North and South
Covers 3.6 million square miles
Average rainfall- 60 inches/year
Agriculture- coffee, bananas, pineapples, cocoa, tea
Cash Crops for exports- palm trees, rubber, timber
Rainforest is threatened by logging, deforestation and population growth

42. Savanna

43. Tropical Savanna (Grasslands)
Covers 50% of the continent
Rainfall inches/year
Serengeti National Park located in the Savanna

44. Serengeti National Park
“Endless Plain”
5700 square miles
Located on the Tanzania/Kenya border
Human are forbid to live in park
Top 6 hunted animals located here
Lion, Leopard, Elephant, Black Rhino, African Buffalo, Cheetah

45. Serengeti National Park

46. Steppe

47. Steppe “Southern Coast of the Sahara” Rainfall 4-8 inches/year
Natural boundary between North Africa and Sub-Sahara Africa
Desertification- productive land turns into desert or arid land following the destruction of vegetation
Sahel- “shore” or “edge”

48. The Sahel

49. Arid or Desert

50. Arid Rainfall- less than 10 inches/year
Average Temperature degrees F
Three major deserts in Sub Sahara Africa
Namib Desert- Located in Namibia
Nubian Desert- Located in Sudan
Kalahari Desert- Located in Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa

51. Namib Desert

52. Aerial View Of Nubian Desert

53. Kalahari Desert

54. Language
Religion
Education
CULTURE
Healthcare
Population
Urbanization

55. Africa is made up from 3 cultures
African
European
Islamic

56. Population 1 billion people Highest death and birth rates in world
34 of the 53 countries are the world’s least developed
Most Populated Country- Nigeria- 148 million people

57. Niger

58. Population Density
Uneven

59. Healthcare 25% of Africans have proper sanitation
#1 killer- Malaria- mosquito born infectious disease
85-90% of deaths occur
Children and Pregnant women most vulnerable
#2 killer-AIDS

60. AIDS 70% of worlds AIDS population in Sub Africa
Caused most countries Life Expectancies to decline
12 million children orphaned from AIDS
Southern Africa most affected- 6 out of 11 countries 20% of population infected
Swaziland- 50% of population in 20’s are infected

61. Sanitation
Malaria
AIDS

62. Malaria

63. Can mosquitoes spread HIV?

64. Urbanization
30% of population

65. Arabic in Northern Africa
800 different languages
Arabic in Northern Africa
Swahili in Southern Africa

66. World Religions
Muslim- Green
Christian- Red

67. Largest- Christianity
2nd- Islam
Animist popular among tribes

68. 60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa
Education
60% Literacy of Sub Sahara Africa

69. Sorghum
Staple Crop
Berries