1. Body Mechanics Activity and Exercise CONCEPT OF NURSING
Promoting Healthy Physiologic Responses
Body Mechanics
Activity and Exercise

2. Activity and Exercise
Activity-exercise pattern: Refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure and recreation needs for rest and mobility.
Exercise: A type of physical activity involving the muscles performed to maintain or improve physical fitness.

3. Types of exercise: Isotonic (dynamic) exercises:
Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active movement .e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling)
* Advantages:
1- Increase muscle tone, mass, strength.
2- Maintain joint flexibility and circulation.
Isometric (static or setting) exercises:
There is muscle contraction without moving the joint
* useful for strengthening abdominal, gluteal muscles)
* No change in muscle length
* No joint movement
* Maintaining strength in immobilized muscle

4. Types of exercise:
Isokinetic (resistive) exercises:
It involves muscle contraction or tension against resistance, can be either isotonic and isometric.
These exercises are used in physical conditioning & are often done to build up certain muscle groups.

5. Benefits of exercise on body system
Musculoskeletal System:
* Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape
* Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of
motion.
* Maintain bone density & strength.
Cardiovascular System:
*Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing cardiac output and strength of heart muscle contraction.

6. Benefits of exercise on body system
Respiratory System:
*Improves gas exchange by increasing the ventilation & oxygenation.
GI tract System:
*Improve appetite, digestion and elimination.
Metabolic System:
*Increase metabolic rate, thus increase the production of body heat and calorie use.

7. Benefits of exercise on body system
Urinary System:
*Improve excretion of body waste through the kidneys.
Psycho-neurologic System:
* Enhance sense of well-being and help to relieve
stress.
* Improves the quality of sleep.
* Improve self concept and self esteem by decreasing
depression.
Intigumentary System:
* Maintain skin integrity

8. Positioning Clients Performed by the nurse:
For certain procedures or surgeries.
To protect the client body from injury.
To maintain muscle tone.
To prevent complications.

9. Positions and Uses Dorsal (supine):
* Place patient on back with head and shoulders are slightly elevated.
* Used for physical assessment , to provide comfort , & change position.

10. Positions and Uses Dorsal recumbent:
* Place patient on back, legs flexed and slightly rotated outward
*Used for pelvic examination, female catheterization, perinal care

11. Positions and Uses Semi-fowler’s position:
* Sitting position with or without positioning pillow at head degree. used for eating and facilitate breathing.

12. Positions and Uses High fowler’s position:
*Head & trunk are raised degrees, used for some people with heart problems or having difficulty breathing.

13. Positions and Uses Prone position:
* Lying flat on the abdomen, arm flexed toward head, & head turned to one side. Useful for some unconscious patients.

14. Factors Affecting Mobility
Health Status
Developmental Stage
Children
Adolescents
Adults
Environment
Attitudes and Beliefs
Lifestyle

15. Nursing Diagnoses Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility
Risk of Disuse Syndrome
Self-Care Deficits
Altered Health Maintenance
Risks for Falls

16. Planning and Outcome Identification
Bed Rest
Restorative Nursing Care (Changing position)
Health Promotion and Fitness

17. Implementation Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises
Performed several times a day.
Each joint is placed through its full functional motion.

18. Implementation Transfer Techniques Moving clients
Transferring from bed to chair
Transferring from bed to stretcher
Assistive devices

19. Implementation Assisting with Ambulation Preparing the client to walk
Client education
Preambulating exercise

20. Assisting with Ambulation
Assistive Devices
-Canes Crutches Walkers