1. A Brief History of Microbiology1
A Brief History of Microbiology

2. Who is responsible for building the first simple microscope?
Isaac Newton
the Royal Society of London
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Louis Pasteur
Answer: C) Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

3. In the 1700s, a system was developed for naming plants and animals and grouping similar organisms together. What is this system called?
the taxonomic system
the life categories system
the descriptive grouping system
the phylogeny system
Answer: A) the taxonomic system

4. Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was the first scientist to observe and describe ________.
fungi
algae
bacteria
parasitic worms
Answer: C) bacteria

5. Viruses were first seen with an electron microscope around what year?
1713
1933
1972
1823
Answer: B) 1933

6. In the early years of microbiology, microorganisms were referred to as ________.
cooties
animalcules
zygotes
prokaryotes
Answer: B) animalcules

7. What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes are bacteria and eukaryotes are not.
Prokaryotes can only live in water and eukaryotes can live anywhere.
Prokaryotes do not have a defined nucleus and eukaryotes do.
Prokaryotes are not capable of locomotion and eukaryotes are.
Answer: C) Prokaryotes do not have a defined nucleus and eukaryotes do.

8. Bacteria and archaea reproduce ________.
only sexually
only asexually
both sexually and asexually
neither sexually nor asexually
Answer: B) only asexually

9. Which of the following is NOT a form of locomotion used by protozoa?
pseudopods
cilia
flagella
budding
Answer: D) budding

10. Where are you most likely to find archaea?
hot springs
a local stream
soil in your backyard
the scum of an aquarium
Answer: A) hot springs

11. What is one way that a technician is able to diagnose a patient with a parasitic worm infection?
examining the patient's skin with a magnifying glass
growing the parasites in a Petri dish
finding eggs in a blood sample
culturing a sputum sample
Answer: C) finding eggs in a blood sample

12. Who was responsible for demonstrating that cell-produced proteins called enzymes were responsible for chemical reactions in a cell?
Eduard Buchner
Robert Koch
Lazzaro Spallanzani
Louis Pasteur
Answer: A) Eduard Buchner

13. Which of the following methods provided scientists with a framework for scientific investigation?
the swan-necked method
the abiogenesis method
the theory method
the scientific method
Answer: D) the scientific method

14. In the context of a scientific experiment, what is a control group?
a group that is treated differently than others except for the variable being tested
a group that is treated the same as other groups except for the variable being tested
a group assembled only under environmentally controlled conditions
a group treated the same as others except that it has fewer subjects
Answer: B) a group that is treated the same as other groups except for the variable being tested

15. A possible answer to a research question asked by a scientist is referred to as a ________.
concept
theory
hypothesis
law
Answer: C) hypothesis

16. Who discovered that yeast cells can ferment grape juice to make wine?
Eduard Buchner
Robert Koch
Francesco Redi
Louis Pasteur
Answer: D) Louis Pasteur

17. In 1857, Louis Pasteur hypothesized that disease in people was caused by ________.
bad weather
fermentation
microbes
imbalances in body fluid
Answer: C) microbes

18. Who was the first person to isolate microbes from disease victims by smearing blood, pus, or sputum samples onto gelatin media?
Louis Pasteur
Hans Christian Gram
Albert Neisser
Robert Koch
Answer: D) Robert Koch

19. John Snow's work with cholera cases laid the foundation for the science now known as ________, which investigates the occurrence, spread, and distribution of human disease.
immunology
chemotherapy
epidemiology
parasitology
Answer: C) epidemiology

20. What disease did Edward Jenner develop a vaccine for in the late 1700s?
cholera
cowpox
tuberculosis
smallpox
Answer: D) smallpox

21. What was Joseph Lister's contribution to fighting infection and disease?
antiseptics
chemotherapy
latex gloves
chlorine
Answer: A) antiseptics

22. Microbes today are used in many ways to help improve our lives
Microbes today are used in many ways to help improve our lives. Which of the following is NOT a contribution by microbes?
electronics
laundry detergent
antibiotics
vitamins
Answer: A) electronics

23. The study of how our body fights infection by pathogenic microbes is called ________.
immunology
epidemiology
molecular biology
epistemiology
Answer: A) immunology

24. What process uses living microorganisms to detoxify polluted environments?
biochemistry
bioremediation
biofueling
biocleaning
Answer: B) bioremediation

25. Scientists have begun to manipulate genes in microbes, plants, and animals for practical applications. What is this cutting-edge technology called?
immunology
taxonomy
genealogy
genetic engineering
Answer: D) genetic engineering

26. Which of the following is NOT one of Koch's postulates?
The agent must be found in every case of disease and absent from healthy hosts.
The agent must be isolated and grown outside the host.
When the agent is introduced to a healthy host, the animal must get the disease.
Fifty percent of the experimentally infected must make a full recovery.
Answer: D) Fifty percent of the experimentally infected must make a full recovery.

27. Who is considered to be the Father of Microbiology?
John Snow
Louis Pasteur
Robert Koch
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Answer: B) Louis Pasteur