1. CAL
Computer
Assisted
Learning

2. Referred to as CAL
Term often used interchangeably with Computer-Based Instruction (CBI), Web Based Instruction (WBI), Computer-based Learning (CBL), Computer-Enriched Instruction (CEI), and Web Based Training (WBT)

3. INTRODUCTION
Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is succinctly defined in a seminal work by Levy (1997: p. 1) as "the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning".
Definition- Any use of computers to aid or support the education or training of people.

5. The computer can be made to assist learning in many ways:
Dense storage of data in an organized form, e.g., a large textbook could be stored in a classified manner on a 13 cm. disk.
Quick access to the data-base in milli-seconds.
Logical comparison of the learner's responses with the stored key and evaluation of the learner's performance.
Instant feedback of evaluation (both formative and summative types).

6. Goals of Introducing Computers into Education
To keep the education system at the forefront of technological development and students’ skills up to date with those expected in the workforce. To increase efficiency and productivity in teaching and learning. To enable more self-directed learning with students as active learners assisted by teachers to construct their own understanding. With the visual power of simulation available in a computer, it can generate images which can help students to understand "Why things are the way they are". By using computers in instruction, information can be displayed effectively which enables students to understand concepts easily.
Goals of Introducing Computers into Education

7. Traditional Teaching
A single teacher giving lectures to a group of students who are expected to use their notes and textbook to prepare for periodic examinations

8. CAL Teaching
The computer can never replace a teacher. It merely complements a teacher's role. However, in some areas of interaction, it may be better than a human teacher. e.g.,
It never gets bored or irritated
It never makes mistakes on its own
It permits individual attention
It permits the learner to decide his own pace of learning.
A well created lesson uses multi-media to enrich and enhance learning

9. Classroom for CAL

10. Methods Of Delivery Drill-and-Practice Tutorial Simulation Activities
Educational Games
Problem Solving
Controlled Learning
Computer Programming

11. Drill And Practice Drill and practice is good for fundamental mastery.
It provides repeated exposure to facts or information, often in a question or game-type format (e.g., use an MCQ bank for practice).
It also fit nicely into a behavioral approach to teaching and learning since it measured student performance.

12. In this mode, a module (lesson)consists of presentation of the content in a structured way , task-prescription to elicit learner's response, and instant feedback and reinforcement to the learner.
This mode, if used well, could result in 90% retention of the content (compare with 30% retention after the best lecture!).
Students who are absent or who need remediation can often benefit from using a computerized tutorial, provided one is available that covers what was missed
Combines presentation of material with drill-and-practice, games, or a simulation to emphasize material and assist in learning.
Tutorial

13. Simulation
A simulation is a representation or model of a real event, object, or phenomenon where learners can see the results of their actions.
It provides a real-life scenario with the material to be learned being applied as it would in the real world.
Simulation provides safety of learning environment
Students are given the power to manipulate aspects of models or situations. They see the results of their decisions immediately

14. Problem Solving
Problem solving software allows learners to see the results of their reactions to various events
Learners manipulate variables, and feedback is provided based on these manipulations
There is a lot of power to using problem solving applications in the classroom, provided they match the curriculum
It is sometimes otherwise difficult to provide feedback based on individual choices students without the computer.

15. Educational Games
Games use the instructional material to create a contest for the learner
The learner can compete against his own personal best, the computer, or other learners while mastering the material

16. Computer Programming (Logo, BASIC, Pascal)
This used to be a big category of computer use in the schools, but the emphasis on programming skills has decreased significantly.
Many schools no longer even offer programming classes, but instead are teaching students to use multimedia and other computer tools.

17. It provides a course of study in an instructional sequence on the pattern of branching program
Controlled Learning

18. TOOLS Spreadsheet program Statistic packages Hypermedia software
Desktop publishing software
Presentation software
CAD software

19. ADVANTAGES Reduced the work load of teaching. Improve motivation
Reach the large audience
Multiple dimensional learning
Promote interactive learning.
Builds confidence among students.
Provide immediate feedback.

20. DISADVANTAGES
The development of high‐tech computer‐assisted learning programme is labor intensive, requiring appropriate hardware, backup and frequent upgrading.
In addition, a dedicated information technology staff is necessary to provide practical advice and maintenance of the software and hardware.
Some people may be less inclined to use electronic resources because of perceived lack of computer literacy.

21. Future Trends

22. While research is still ongoing into the effectiveness of CAL for medical education, this new learning modality is a rising form of medical teaching.
• The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has established MedEdPortal, a peer-reviewed collection of online teaching tools.
• This resource contains a database of learning resources that include tutorials, virtual patients and case-based learning among other medical education resources.

23. Continued..
Between the conveniences afforded by CAL, enhancements over current learning modalities and increased recognition for publishing CAL modules, there appears to be a bright future for computer-assisted learning.

24. Any questions? Find us at queries@thesisscientist.com
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