1. Introduction to Career Planning
PSY 251: Careers in Psychology
Instructor: Dr. Bullock

2. Presentation Overview
Key definitions
A sample of career theories
Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) Theory
History of “career” – past and present

3. Historical Review Emergence of “career” Industrial revolution
Immigration
Hazards of early work environments

4. Vocational Guidance Frank Parsons’ Vocations Bureau
Parsons’ 3-step Process
self-assessment
study of options
careful reasoning
Lifelong process
Frank Parsons in 1895 from Arena
Publishing. We thank William
C. Briddick for sharing this photograph.

5. Career Planning Today Rapid change
Nature of work in today’s organizations
Work options
Diversity
Gender
Career materials and resources
National Career Development Association:

6. Why are career problems important?
Impact of full employment on the “health” of the nation
Relation between unemployment and social and physical problems
Impact of organizational failures
Numbers of people impacted

7. Some Definitions career development career work occupation position
job

8. Key Definitions Exercise
Career
Career Development
Work
Occupation
Position
Job
Volunteering for the Animal Shelter
Includes all factors that shape your current situation
Accountant
My interview was successful, and I got the _____.
Microsoft has an opening for a Technical Trainer
Right now you are in your ______.

9. Roe’s Formula Occupational Choice = S[(eE + bB + cC) + (fF, mM)) + (lL + aA) + (pP x gG x tT x iI)]
sex
state of the economy
family background/ ethnicity
chance
friends, peers
marital situation
special acquired skills
physical characteristics
general learning & education
cognitive or special natural abilities
temperament/personality
interests/values

10. Which of Roe’s 12 characteristics do you think is the most important?

11. Theories of Career Choice and Development
Why learn about career theories?
How can they help us?
Personal Career Theory (PCT)

12. Theories of Career Choice and Development
Structured Theories (point-in-time; what to choose)
Process Theories (developmental; how to choose)

13. Structured Theory Examples
Parsons
Roe
Holland

14. Process Theory Example
Super’s Life-Career Rainbow

16. Cognitive Information Processing Theory (CIP)
Based on how we think & feel
Problem-solving activity
Based on what we know, how we think about that knowledge
Requires memory, motivation
Career development involves lifelong learning and growth
Quality of our career depends on how well we learn to make career decisions and solve career problems

17. Nature of Career Problems
Involve a gap
Complex and involve feelings
Multiple options, not a single correct choice
Uncertainty about the outcome
Decisions create new problems

18. Pyramid of Information Processing
EXECUTIVE PROCESSING DOMAIN
KNOWLEDGE DOMAIN
DECISION-MAKING SKILLS DOMAIN
SELF- KNOWLEDGE
OPTIONS KNOWLEDGE
CASVE CYCLE
META-COGNITION

19. CASVE Cycle (Decision Making)
Communication Identifying a gap
Analysis Thinking about alternatives
Execution
Taking action to narrow the gap
Synthesis
Creating likely alternatives
Valuing
Prioritizing alternatives

20. Ways to use Career Development Information
The use of career counseling theories and concepts in:
Retirement planning
Volunteer planning
Leisure planning
Appropriate decision making
What if your client does not work in the traditional since? How can you use your career counseling competencies to work with that person?
Most theories also address retirement planning, volunteer planning, leisure planning
You have learned how to help people learn more about themselves and make decisions

21. Your Thoughts What have been your experiences with career assistance?
Who has helped you in educational/career pursuits throughout your life?
What was that experience with help like?
How did you perceive your helper?
If time: Small groups discuss and compile group members reactions to these questions and report the groups information back to the entire class.

22. Your Goals
What are some career development issues of your own that you can work on in this course?

23. Summary Impact of social forces on career development
Importance of career problems
Views of career choice & development
Cognitive Information Processing (CIP)