1. COHO, Sockeye and Chinook
If demand response
were salmon,
what would it look like in the pacific northwest?
Stuart Schare Managing Director, Energy
Northwest DR Symposium
Seattle, Washington
September 2016

2. What Is Demand Response?
Changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns… … in response to changes in the price of electricity over time, or … to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use …at times of high wholesale market prices or …when system reliability is jeopardized
What?
Why?
When?
Source: FERC
Examples:
Direct load control of electric water heaters via RF paging
Interruptible tariff credits for C&I
Critical peak pricing
Common element: DISPATCHABLE

3. With so many forms of demand response, How do you Navigate your way?

4. Evolution of demand response: where will the pacific northwest jump in?
Interruptible tariffs for large C&I
Phone call/pager
Long notification & manual curtailment
1-way DLC for residential A/C and water heaters
Capacity for planning & emergency needs
DR in wholesale markets
Increased automation and precision of curtailment
Storage & load increase
Ancillary services (near-instantaneous up/down)
Behavioral/voluntary DR
Smart thermostats
2-way communications
Near real-time M&V and operations monitoring
Source: Navigant Adapted from PLMA

5. Water Heaters Air Conditioners Central Heating Pool Pumps
Residential demand response: the big four appliances
Water Heaters
Air Conditioners
Central Heating
Pool Pumps
Winter load
Shut off for events
Daily load shifting
Advanced control
Sumer load
“Cycle” on/off
Potential in PNW?
Fewer available loads
HP auxiliary heating
Baseboard heaters problematic
Summer load
Often on timers
Little load in PNW

6. In the Beginning… There Was the Load Control Switch
Demand Response Program Design & Implementation Training Course
In the Beginning… There Was the Load Control Switch
Simple but Effective
Load switches on A/C and water heaters
Cycling limits for A/C run time
1-way radio frequency or powerline carrier
Switches installed outside the home
15 minutes on (max), 15 minutes off
No way to know if load was curtailed
1-way means you don’t know whether customer was controlled.
Can ID bad switches
Mention Carrier’s 2-way…pros: ID receipt of signal, equip failures, use for some M&V/override info. Con expensive communications …this is lead in to evolution of technology via AMI and 2-way
©Peak Load Management Alliance 2015

7. Evolution of Residential DLC Programs
Demand Response Program Design & Implementation Training Course
Evolution of Residential DLC Programs
Simple but Effective
Load switches on A/C and water heaters
Cycling limits for A/C run time
1-way radio frequency or powerline carrier
Technology Advances
Intelligent algorithms
Control via “smart” thermostats
Temperature offset strategies
Internet-based control of thermostats
2-way communications possible but expensive
1-way means you don’t know whether customer was controlled.
Can ID bad switches
Mention Carrier’s 2-way…pros: ID receipt of signal, equip failures, use for some M&V/override info. Con expensive communications …this is lead in to evolution of technology via AMI and 2-way
Early Years ’80s and ’90s
The Technology Transition ~
Latest Trend
©Peak Load Management Alliance 2015

8. Smart Thermostats: more than just a new way to do Load control

9. COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL DR
Evolution of C&I Demand Response
Industrial/ Process Interruption
Commercial (Partial) Curtailment
Precision Management of Loads
Large loads
Proven
Not flexible
EVOLUTION
Aggregated loads
Automated response
Moderate value
Advanced controls & communications
Select end uses
High value

10. Commercial DR Event Processes
Manual Control
Semi-Automated Control
Customer facility personnel…
Shut off lights
Change thermostat
Shut non-critical equipment and processes
Customer facility personnel...
Engage BEMS to achieve lighting, cooling, process reductions
BEMS pre-programmed with load-shed strategies
Utility to customer
Phone call
Text message
Automated outbound communication
Utility  DRAS* to customer facility
(via broadband)
*Demand Response Automation Server
Auto-DR
DR event signal received by BEMS at customer facility
BEMS initiates pre-programmed load shed strategy

11. Next on the dr agenda… Availability Year-round availability
Dispatchable dozens or hundreds of times per year
Speed of Response
Response time < 10 min.
Frequency/regulation response now possible
Performance
Ramp-up and down (“inc” and “dec”)
Precision curtailment (MW)
Real-time visibility from control room

12. Grid-Interactive Water Heating (GIWH)
Two-way communications to/from the grid operator and water heater
Automated signals from the grid
“Up” and “Down” load control
Appliance status to operator
Increased energy storage
Extra large tanks
Super-insulated
High temp (>50C) with mixing valve
“Self-learning” of usage patterns

13. GIWH Storage and Dispatch
GIWH as a wind balancing resource (Bonneville Power Administration)
GIWH as a load following resource (PowerShift Atlantic, Canada)

14. Refrigerated Warehouses
DR for Load Balancing of Wind Power Bonneville Power Administration (BPA)
COLD STORAGE
Refrigerated Warehouses
PROCESS STORAGE
Pulp and Paper Mill
Equipment Enabled
Compressors, evaporators
Motors
Load Control Measures
Raise/lower set-point (~400 kW per facility)
Turn on/off mechanical pulping motors (40 MW)
DR Capability
10-minute bi-directional response
INCremental Power to the Grid
DECremental Power to the Grid (“Soaking up” excess renewables)
Compliments of EnerNOC

15. “Firming” Renewables with Dynamic Load Response PowerShift Atlantic (Nova Scotia Power)
30 industrial sites
2,000 devices
15 MW of load
24x7 availability
Individual Customer Loads
System Operator Control Signal
Aggregated Response (ENBALA Power Networks)
Compliments of Enbala

16. Evolution of demand response: catch up to today before tomorrow leaves you behind
Interruptible tariffs for large C&I
Phone call/pager
Long notification & manual curtailment
1-way DLC for residential A/C and water heaters
Capacity for planning & emergency needs
DR in wholesale markets
Increased automation and precision of curtailment
Storage & load increase
Ancillary services (near-instantaneous up/down)
Behavioral/voluntary DR
Smart thermostats
2-way communications
Near real-time M&V and operations monitoring
One of many DERs
DR prosumers provide grid services
Continual DR response to price signals
Localized distribution congestion management
Source: Adapted from PLMA

17. Stuart Schare Managing Director 303.728.2504