1. DIET AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF BREASTFEEDING WOMEN IN POLAND
HANNA MOJSKA, EDYTA JASIŃSKA-MELON, IWONA GIELECIŃSKA
DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS,
NATIONAL FOOD AND NUTRITION INSTITUTE, WARSAW, POLAND
Background and Objectives:
Human milk is the first choice for newborns and infants. The World Health Organization recommends that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months of their life and then for up to two years of age or beyond, while receiving nutritionally adequate and safe complementary food. Although the effect of the breastfeeding mother diet on human milk composition has still not been well documented, a rational lacting women daily diet should provide right energy supply and contain all the necessary nutrients. The aim of our study was to estimate the composition of breastfeeding women diet and to compare the nutrients intake to the recommended food requirement.
Methods:
The study involved 31 exclusively breastfeeding women from Warsaw, Poland in first six months of lactation. Energy and nutrients intake was estimated using 3-d dietary recall. To evaluate the quantity of nutrients in mother’s diet the DIETA 5.0 programme was used. The programme included data for 1800 typical Polish dishes and foodstuffs.
Results:
Mean energy content in breastfeeding women diet amounted 1942 kcal/person/day (range from 765 to 2871 kcal/person/day). Protein, fat, carbohydrates supplied accordingly 16.4% E, 33.2% E and 50.3% E. The average content of DHA+EPA reached 300 mg/person/day and covered the minimum DHA+EPA requirements during lactation. Comparing to the recommendations, breastfeeding women diet included too high intake of: fat, saturated fatty acids, sodium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B2 and too low intake of: calcium, potassium, foliate and vitamins E, B6 and C was observed.
Nutrients
(g/person/day)
Mean ± SD
(min  max)
PROTEIN
78 ± 20,1
(33 114)
FAT
73 ± 22,7
(22 115)
SFA
Saturated Fatty Acids
27,3 ± 9,9
(7,5  44,2)
MUFA
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
29,2 ± 10,0
(8,8  49,5)
PUFA,
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids including:
10,7 ± 6,5
(3,8  40,1)
LA (18:2 n-6)
Linoleic acid
8,5 ± 6,0
(3,1  36,7)
ALA (18:3 n-3)
α-Linoleic acid
1,5 ± 0,8
(0,6  3,3)
EPA (20:5 n-3)
Eicosapentaenoic acid
0,1 ± 0,1
(0,0  0,4)
DHA (20:6 n-6)
Docosahexaenoic acid
0,2 ± 0,4
(0,0  1,4)
Carbohydrates
241 ± 73
(107  388)
Fiber
17,8 ± 5,7
8,1  29,8
Vitamins and minerals
Mean ± SD
(min  max)
Standard
VITAMIN A (μg/person/day)
1421 ± 910
(243  4964)
EAR = 900
RDA = 1300
VITAMIN B2 (mg/person/day)
1,6 ± 0,5
(0,8  2,8)
EAR = 1,3
RDA = 1,6
VITAMIN PP (mg/person/day)
16,0 ± 5,8
(6,2  28,7)
EAR = 13
RDA = 17
FOLATE
(μg/person/day)
233 ± 55
(118  329)
EAR = 450
RDA = 500
VITAMIN B6 (mg/person/day)
(0,6  3,4)
EAR = 1,7
RDA = 2,0
VITAMIN C (mg/person/day)
64 ± 37,7
(22  156)
EAR = 100
RDA = 120
POTASSIUM (mg/person/day)
2881 ± 742,1
(1448  4375)
AI = 5100
SODIUM
(mg/person/day)
3411± 981,4
(1923  6144)
AI = 1500
CALCIUM (mg/person/day)
724 ± 339,4
(253  1542)
EAR = 800
RDA = 1000
PHOSPHORUS (mg/person/day)
1228 ± 325
(574  1859)
EAR = 580
RDA = 700
MAGNESIUM
276 ± 65,5
(150  416)
EAR = 265
RDA = 320
ZINC
9,6 ± 2,4
(4,4  14,5)
EAR = 10,4
RDA = 12
Conclusions:
Paediatricians and dieticians should give more attention to breastfeeding mothers diet to improve covering of recommended food requirements. Our survey shows the necessity of a systematic education, which would be adapted to women`s individual needs during lactation.
Keywords: BREASTFEEDING WOMEN, DIET, NUTRIENTS
Poster PO0756