1. I. Waves and Particles De Broglie’s Hypothesis
Particles have wave characteristics
Waves have particle characteristics
λ = h/mn where λ is the wave length. “h” is the Plank’s constant = x J.s
m = mass
Wave-Particle Duality of Nature
Waves properties are significant at small momentum

2. Visible Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation-a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space.
Examples: microwaves that cook our food. X-Ray, radio waves.

3. WAVE LENGTH
Wave Length is represented by the Greek letter lambda, λ, is the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave.
It is usually expressed in meters, centimeters or nanometers (1nm = 1 x 10-9m)

5. Frequency is defined as the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second. One wave per second is called hertz.
Longer wave length means that the wave has a lower frequency.

7. Frequency and wavelength are related to each other and for electromagnetic waves
c = λ x v
c is the speed of light – 300,000,000 meter per second or 3 x 108 m/s.
λ is the wavelength
v is the frequency.

8. Max Plank suggested that a hot object does not emit electromagnetic energy continuously. It should if it is in form of a wave.
Objects emit energy in small, specific amounts called quanta.
Quantum: A quantum is the minimum amount of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom.

9. E = hv
E = Energy
h= Plank’s constant
V = frequency

10. Dual Nature of Light Three ways to tell a wave from a particle…
Waves can bend
around small obstacles…
…and fan out
from pinholes.
Particles effuse from pinholes
Three ways to tell a wave from a particle…
wave behavior particle behavior
waves interfere particle collide
waves diffract particles effuse
waves are delocalized particles are localized