1. Communicable Diseases and You

2. What is a Disease?
A disease is a condition or illness that affects the proper and usual functioning of the body or mind of an individual.

3. Non-Communicable Disease
A Non-communicable disease I NOT spread by contact with others and may be caused by living conditions, genetics, or environmental hazards.

4. What is a Communicable Disease?
A communicable disease is one that can be passed from one individual to another.
A communicable disease is caused by an organism so small it can only be seen by using a microscope.

5. GERMS Disease causing organisms are usually called GERMS.
When germs enter the body, they grow, reproduce and frequently produce waste products that are poisons in the human body.
The result is an infection.

6. Types of GERMS
Bacteria
Viruses
Rickettsia
Fungi
Protozoa

7. BACTERIA
Any tiny single cell organisms that grow and thrive almost everywhere.
There are 3 types of bacteria: Bacteria
Cocci
Bacilli
Spirilla

8. VIRUSES Are the smallest and simplest forms of life.
Many viruses are harmful to humans.
VIRUSES

9. RICKETTSIA
Are small bacteria that are spread by the bites of insects such as mites and ticks.

10. FUNGI
Are simple life forms that are unable to make their own food.

11. PROTOZOA
Simple, animal-like organisms.

12. BACTERIA Live everywhere: on you, in you, and around you.
Most bacteria do not harm you.
Some bacteria are very helpful.
Bacteria become harmful when they go places they do not belong. E coli

13. BACTERIA need… Food Supply Warmth Moisture
Your body provides all three of these needs and a perfect home for bacteria!

14. BCATERIA COCCI
Can cause diseases such as abscesses, gonorrhea (clap), bacterial pneumonia, strep throat and scarlet fever.

15. BACTERIA BACILLI
Causes botulism (food poisoning), diphtheria, tetanus, tuberculosis, whooping cough, and leprosy.

16. VIRUSES Are very specialized Some attack only certain body cells.
Rabies virus attacks only the nervous system.
Viruses cause AIDS, chicken pox, measles, colds, flu, mumps, polio, viral pneumonia, and mononucleosis…

17. RICKETTSIA Are found in lice, mites, and ticks.
They enter the body through the bite of an insect that is infected.
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, and Lyme Disease are caused by rickettsia.
Lyme Disease

18. FUNGI Attack the body and often live in the hair, nails and skin
Athlete’s Foot and ringworm are two diseases caused by fungi.
Athlete’s foot affects the feet, while ringworm appears on other parts of the body.
Ringworm

19. PROTOZOA Many are harmless but some can cause disease.
Malaria is caused by protozoa that live in certain kinds of mosquitoes.
If an infected mosquito bites a person, the person will become infected.

20. GOOD GERMS
Many bacteria are not only harmless, but essential for life.
Without bacteria in your intestines you could not digest your food. (Probiotics)
Even harmless bacteria can cause trouble if they end up where they don’t belong.

21. HOW DO GERMS SPREAD? Close contact Direct contact Contact with animals
Other contact
How do germs spread...

22. CLOSE CONTACT Breathing germs from someone’s cough or sneeze.
Germs travel in droplets which you inhale.
Colds, flu, measles and tuberculosis can be spread this way.

23. DIRECT CONTACT You can pick up germs by contact with hands and skin.
You can also pick up germs through sexual contact.
This is how people get diseases such as AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis and herpes.

24. PREVENTION Practice good health habits: Eat a balanced diet
Get plenty of rest
Exercise regularly
Bathe or shower daily
Avoid substances and behaviors that can harm your health.

25. PRACTICE GOOD HEALTH BEHAVIORS
Store foods quickly and properly.
Do NOT share drinking glasses or eating utensils with ANYONE!
Wear appropriate clothing and protective gear.
Avoid sexual contact.
Keep your shots up to date.

26. TO PROTECT OTHERS:
If you are sick with a contagious disease, stay away from others!
Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze.
Seek medical treatment to speed up recovery.
WASH your hands frequently with soap and warm water.
Ewwwww!

27. TO PROTECT OTHERS (CONT’D)
If a doctor prescribes a medication, follow the directions and take it exactly as instructed.
Encourage your family and friends to practice good health habits along with you.

28. THE COMMON COLD There are 200+ viruses that cause the “common cold”.
Cold symptoms include slight fever, runny nose, itchy/watery eyes, sneezing, coughing sore throat and headache.

29. TO PREVENT A COLD: Get plenty of rest *9-10 hours+
Drink plenty of fluids (juice, water, etc.) and eat healthy nutrient-dense foods.
Exercise regularly.
DO NOT share cups and utensils.
WASH YOUR HANDS.
DO NOT smoke.

30. NORMAL IMMUNE RESPONSE
In a healthy person, T-cells identify the virus.
B-cells produce antibodies that may neutralize the virus.
T-cells destroy virus cells that have not been neutralized, and stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies.
T-cells

31. IMMUNE SYSTEM IN A PERSON WITH HIV OR OTHER IMMUNE DISORDER
In a person with HIV, the virus seeks out and destroys T-cells.
With fewer t-cells, the B-cells stop producing antibodies.
With a weakened immune system, the body is open to other infections.
destroy T-Cells

32. IMMUNIZATIONS AND YOU What diseases have you been immunized against?
What other immunizations are available to people your age?
What immunizations are being researched now?
What else should be done to prevent disease?