1. The Japanese Hydrogen Ecosystem
Eric Dominguez CHEM/TCE

2. Focus Hydrogen Technology Brief Keep In Mind
Community Integrated Low-Carbon Hydrogen Supply Chain (4-Yr Project)
Public-Private Partnership
Supply-Chain
Sources
Technology
Challenges
Questions and Discussion

3. Hydrogen Technology Brief
Makes up 2/3 of all molecules in a planet
66% makes up water
Water + Electricity = Hydrogen: resultant fuel is almost equal to initial energy input
Hydrogen + Oxygen = Electricity + Water Vapor: runs engine.
Advantages
Similar to gas refueling
Potential energy directly into electrical energy that avoid “Thermal Bottleneck”
More efficient than combustion engines
No moving parts, so more reliable
Production and storage more environmentally friendly
Second Law of Thermodynamics essentially says you can’t break even (i.e. no heat engine can use all the hear produced by a fuel to do work.

5. ? Keep in Mind What’s the biggest hurdle for FCV’s?
Is this immediate or does the private-public sectors have enough resources and patience to see it through?
Will consumers be quick to adopt or maybe someone else?

6. Community Integrated Low-Carbon Hydrogen Supply Chain P3
Public Private Partnership
Kanagawa Prefecture City of Yokahama Kawasaki City
Iwatani Corp. Toshiba Corp. Toyota Motor Corp.
Goals
FC forklifts in Keihin Waterfront Area
Demonstration of feasibility of building a low-carbon hydrogen utilization model

7. Partnership Structure

8. Supply Chain – Sources, Production, Delivery
CO2 free hydrogen supply chain from renewables to its storage, transport, and utilization.
Manufacturing
Storage/Compression
Transport
Advantages
Electricity from renewable sources (i.e. Hama Wing Wind Turbine) to hydrogen manufacturing, then storage/compression, transported by hydrogen fueling truck (i.e. diesel hybrid)
86% CO2 reduction from grid using electric forklifts to 16.3 kg/day and 94% reduction from conventional gas.

9. System Flow Wind power fluctuates
If no power is supplied by Hama Wing then hydrogen will not be delivered.
Toyota’s solution: reusing end-of-life batteries from hybrid vehicles as secondary vehicles.
Storage System by Toyota Turbine and Systems Inc.
The Water electrolysis system is provided by Toshiba.
Hydrogen stored, and compressed when trucks come in for delivery.
Fueling trucks are essential for the short-distance transportation of hydrogen (provided by Iwatani Corp.).
Forklifts are in the low-med usage by companies, but potentially expanded to other industrial short-distances transportation. g

10. Pictures

11. Other Initiatives
Other uses for hydrogen: energy-efficient synthesis of ammonia
Conversion of gaseous hydrogen to liquid ammonia is energy intensive
The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research is looking to use nitrogen and titanium to synthesize ammonia from hydrogen at room temp and pressure.
Ministry of the Environment conducted tests to demonstrate the operation of a FC Ship by offshore power.
The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism is planning to enact safety guidelines for FC ships.
Micro-hydroelectric power facility at a dam sire in Shiranuka Town to electrolyze water.
Saitama Prefecture, biomass power generation project utilizing the sludge from sewage treatment plants.
Shipbuilder Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd., plant builder Chiyoda Corp., and Electric Power Development Co. are working to produce hydrogen from low-grade coal in Australia.

12. Technology
Percival Zhang, professor of biological systems engineering at Virginia Tech
Enzymatic method of making hydrogen directly from plants.
Can turn the most abundant agricultural waste product in the US (i.e. corn stover) into hydrogen fuel.
He imagines that a car would have a reactor on board.
Started commercialization through a spin off.

13. Big Picture – Tokyo 2020 Olympics
Tokyo Governor, Yoichi Masuzoe plans to have the event mostly powered by hydrogen.
Plans to invest $330M to encourage development of technologies.
The Triple Helix
Private, Public, Academia
Toyota is manufacturing the Future.

14. Challenges Infrastructure
Competing with legacy oil
Planning to have Hydrogen fuelling stations 15 minutes away from each other with the same price
Coal and natural gas prices are low with a sudden rise in oil production.
Toyota plans on manufacturing the 3000 units of Mirai by 2017.
Stations are operating at a loss, despite government subsidies.
Need more volume (i.e. more FCV)
Government offers incentives that bring down the price by more than a third.

15. Best-selling cars in America
Discussion
Main Question
Best-selling cars in America
Ways to decrease switching cost/barriers to both consumers and companies to quickly adopt hydrogen fuel?
Toyota RAV4: 352, %. Toyota.
Honda CR-V: 357, %. Honda.
Toyota Corolla: 360, %. Toyota.
Honda Civic: 366, %. Honda.
Toyota Camry: 388, %. Toyota.
RAM Trucks: 489, %. RAM.
Chevrolet Silverado: 574, % Chevrolet.
Ford F-Series: 820, %. Ford.

16. Sources Hydrogenics.com
project