1. CHAPTER 32 EMERGENCY HEALTH CAREERS lesson 1
Aspiration Aura
Cardiopulmonary Consciousness
Critical Endotracheal intubation
Journal question: What personal characteristics might make a student a good candidate for a career in emergency health?

2. Chapter 32 Objectives
Define at least 10 terms relating to emergency health care.
Specify the role of the emergency medical technician, and emergency room personnel, including personal qualities, levels of education, and credentialing requirements.

3. Chapter 32 Objectives
Identify three levels of care that have been developed to provide first aid.
Identify at least six types of external wounds, and describe the first aid treatment for each.
Identify at least three types of burns, and describe the first aid treatment for each.

4. Careers in Emergency Health
The goal of modern emergency care is immediate aid.
The emergency medical services (EMS) system is a coordinated response by all levels of practitioners to accidents and sudden illness.
In most areas, EMS services are initiated through the use of the telephone call.

5. Emergency Health Careers: Educational Costs and Earnings
Discuss the cost of training for a paramedic at Oklahoma City Community College. Have students calculate the 68 credit hours into how long it will take a student to complete the course (e.g., years, months, weeks).

6. Emergency Health Careers

7. Emergency Medical Technician
Works under the supervision of a physician
Provides care to the acutely ill or injured person in the prehospital setting
Four classifications of emergency medical technicians (EMTs)
First responder
EMT-basic
EMT-intermediate
EMT-paramedic

8. Emergency Medical Technician
EMT-first responder (e.g., firefighters, policemen)
Provides care until more qualified personnel are available
Must have cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and first aid skills
EMT-basic (EMT-1)
Provides basic care and provides transport in an ambulance
Must have CPR and first aid skills

9. Emergency Medical Technician
EMT-intermediate (EMT-2 and EMT-3)
In addition to basic care, may
Establish intravenous lines
Assess trauma victims
Apply inflatable antishock garments

10. Emergency Medical Technician
EMT-paramedic (EMT-P or EMT-4)
Provides advanced life support
Skilled in all duties of other EMT personnel and in monitoring electrocardiographic (ECG) readings and defibrillation
May administer medication and perform endotracheal intubation

11. Emergency Medical Technician Training
Requirements vary by state.
At least 18 years old and high school diploma
Registration with the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (required by 38 states)
Supervised internship included in training
EMT certification is required by all states.
Recertification

12. Flight Rescue Professions
Flight paramedics
Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) certification
Prior field experience
Flight nurses
Registered nurse with several years of critical care experience
ACLS and critical care certification
Flight respiratory therapists
Must be certified respiratory therapist
Critical care experience

13. Emergency Procedures
Purpose of first aid is to sustain life and prevent death.
Agencies that award certification in first aid
American Red Cross
American Health Association

14. Emergency Procedures
Basic first aid training includes prevention, assessment, and treatment.
Basic first aid training teaches treatment of
Wounds
Poisoning
Burns
Shock
Fractures
Temperature alterations
Illness caused by medical conditions

15. Emergency Assessment and Treatment

16. Wounds Wounds result when tissue is damaged.
Six types of external damage
Abrasion
Scraping of skin
Minimal bleeding
Incision
Cut made with a surgical instrument, knife, or glass
Wound with straight edges
Rapid and heavy bleeding
Laceration
Irregularly shaped cuts made by a sharp object
Least amount of bleeding

17. Wounds Internal damage Puncture Avulsion Amputation
Object pierces the skin
High risk of infection
Avulsion
Traumatic tearing away of part of the body
Rapid and heavy bleeding
Amputation
Surgical severing or cutting away of part of the body
Internal damage
Contusion or bruise

18. Bleeding Arterial bleeding Venous bleeding Capillary bleeding
Bright red blood
Pulses as the heart beats
Most serious
Venous bleeding
Darker color
Does not pulse
Capillary bleeding
Oozes at the surface of the skin
Shock and loss of consciousness can result quickly from loss of blood.

19. Wounds

20. Bandaging
FIGURE 32-4 Methods of bandaging vary with the areas of injury. A, A simple figure eight. B, A dressing held in place with wrapping toward the heart. C, The tie is placed to locate the area of injury.

21. Burns Burns may result from exposure to heat, chemicals, or radiation.
Severity is determined by location, depth, and size.
Burns to the face, arms, legs, and genitals are the most critical.
Burns that cover more than 10% of the body surface usually require hospitalization.

22. Burns First-degree burns
Burns affect only the outer layer of skin tissue.
Skin becomes red and discolored.
Some light swelling may occur.
Healing is rapid.
Sunburn is an example of a first-degree burn.
Refer students to Table 32-2 for degrees of burns and discuss.

23. Burns Second-degree burns
Burn breaks the surface of the skin and injures underlying tissue.
Appearance of blisters is common.
Skin appears red or mottled.
Skin may appear wet when plasma is lost.
Burn causes greater pain and swelling.
Severe sunburn is an example of a second-degree burn.
Refer students to Table 32-2 for degrees of burns and discuss.

24. Burns Third-degree burns
Burn is deep enough to damage the nerves and bones.
Tissue is charred and appears white.
It may cause less pain than other types because the nerves are damaged.
Third-degree burns may result from exposure to fire, hot water, hot objects, or electricity.
Refer students to Table 32-2 for degrees of burns and discuss.

25. Burns

26. Summary
The role of emergency personnel is to provide immediate care resulting from illness or injury.
Three levels of care have been developed to provide immediate care: bystander or first responder, EMT, and advanced emergency personnel.

27. Summary External wounds include abrasions, punctures, and incisions.
Burns may be classified as first, second, or third degree.

28. Review The goal of modern emergency care includes:
a. Giving immediate aid at the scene
b. Transporting the victim to a hospital
c. Administering CPR
d. Treating shock
e. All of the above

29. Review The goal of modern emergency care includes:
a. Giving immediate aid at the scene
b. Transporting the victim to a hospital
c. Administering CPR
d. Treating shock
e. All of the above

30. Review Abrasions result from: a. An object piercing the skin
b. The scraping of skin or mucous membrane from the surface
c. The tearing away of part of the body
d. A cut from a knife
e. A cut from a sharp object

31. Review Abrasions result from: a. An object piercing the skin
b. The scraping of skin or mucous membrane from the surface
c. The tearing away of part of the body
d. A cut from a knife
e. A cut from a sharp object