1. The Rise of Mass Democracy 1824-1840
Chapter 13

2. The Election of 1824 Last of the “old style” elections
“corrupt bargain” of 1824
All candidates said they were Republicans
No real parties
None of the four candidates won a majority and the election was thrown to the House

3. Election of 1824 No one won majority – sent to House
Henry Clay dropped out (least votes)
He was Speaker of the House and threw election to John Q. Adams
Adams named Clay Secretary of State
Election was called the “Corrupt Bargain”
Jacksonites very angry

4. John Quincy Adams
Adams was a nationalist at a time when the American people were turning from nationalism to states’ rights and sectionalism
Americans disapproved of Adams’ nationalism and federally funded programs
Adams received less than 1/3 of the vote but was elected President

5. Election of 1828
Campaign for Andrew Jackson in 1828 started the day Adams took office in 1824
Lasted the entire 4 year term of Adams
National Republicans – led by Adams
Democratic Republicans – led by Jackson
Mudslinging
Jackson won

6. Tariff of Abominations
Tariff protected industry but raised prices for all Americans
Middle states supported protective tariffs
Tariff passes in 1824 and is increased in 1828
Southerners were touchy about the tariff because they purchased a lot of manufactured goods and they were concerned about Federal interference in the institution of slavery.
John C. Calhoun issues the “South Carolina Exposition” called for nullification of the tariff

7. The Great Compromiser comes to the rescue!
Henry Clay proposed a bill that would gradually reduce the tariff by 10% until it reached the levels of 1816 over 8 years
Tariff of 1833 squeezed through Congress

8. Expansion under Jackson
Jackson and Democrats were committed to expansion
Native Americans in the way in Alabama and Georgia
Five Civilized Tribes – Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles
1808 – Cherokee National Council
1828 – GA rules Council illegal

9. The Trail of Tears Cherokees appeal to Supreme Court
Supreme Court rules in favor of Cherokees 3 times
Andrew Jackson refused to recognize court’s decision

10. Trail of Tears
1830 Indian Removal Act – 100,000 Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, & Seminoles were sent to Indian Territory
Moved to present day Oklahoma

11. Trail of Tears
1836 – Bureau of Indian Affairs created to manage relationship between federal government and US Indians
Some Seminoles ran into Everglades where descendants now live
Many Indians died because of the hardship of the journey to Oklahoma
Reservations created to “corral” Indians

12. Banking National government minted gold and silver but not paper money
Jackson vetoed renewal of Bank of US
Election issue of 1832
Jackson wins reelection
Jackson killed bank by pulling all federal deposits from Bank of US

13. Whigs Emerge
The Whig Party emerges in the 1830s as an opposition party to Andrew Jackson
Against King Andrew I
Turned into potent national party
Led by Henry Clay
Defenders of “common man”

14. Election of 1836 Martin Van Buren Hand picked by Jackson Yes man
Beat Whig William Henry Harrison
Panic of 1837 – financial crisis inherited from Jackson
Took the blame

15. Texas 1821 – Mexico wins independence from Spain
1823 – huge land tract granted to Stephen F. Austin

16. TEXAS Texans remained American 30,000 Texan – Americans by 1835
1833 – Austin imprisoned in MC for negotiating Texans rights
1836 – Texas declares Independence

17. Texan Independence Mexico trapped and killed 200 @ The Alamo
400 Goliad after they surrendered
April 21, 1836 – Gen. Sam Houston strategically retreated to San Jacinto
Defeated 1,300 Mexicans near present day Houston

18. Sam Houston Commander of Texas forces
1st president of Republic of Texas ( )
Favored Union with US
Texans wanted annexation in 1837 but denied because of slavery issue