1. World War Two
World War II
The Short Version

2. October 1933 - Hitler pulls Germany out of League of Nations
March 1935 – Hitler denounces clauses of Versailles Treaty that limits German arms

3. Hitler expands military
shows tanks
Luftwaffe
builds ships
draft

4. Ethiopia October 3, 1935 Italy (Mussolini) attacks Ethiopia
May 9, 1935 Italy annexes Ethiopia
Resistance under Haile Selassie continues throughout the War

5. The West does nothing
England worried an embargo would start a general war
France does not want to alienate Mussolini since they see him as a possible ally against Hitler

6. Rhineland March 7, 1936 Nazi Germany Rearms the Rhineland
Against the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany still weak, German generals warn against it-Hitler tells them to retreat if France makes a move

8. France will do nothing without British support
England back to Splendid Isolation

9. Hitler takes from this:
*Leaders of the West are weak
*He was right and the generals are wrong

10. Spain Civil War breaks out July 17, 1936
Fascist troops led Generalissimo Francisco Franco are supported by Italy and Nazi Germany
Government supported by moderates and the left

11. April 26, 1937 Guernica bombed the German Condor Legion

12. Guernica - Pablo Picasso

14. 2nd Sino-Japanese War Marco Polo Bridge- Beijing July 7, 1937
Bombing of Shanghai August 13, 1937
Invasion of Shanghai
Rape of Nanking

15. Rape of Nanking
December 1937
About 300,000 civilians killed
90,000 POW’s

18. Anschluss March 12, 1938 Union with Austria Dr. Kurt von Schuschnigg
Replaced by Dr. Arthur Seyss-Inquart
Austria taken without a shot
Schuschnigg arrested, taken to camps

19. German army crosses border

21. Sets Hitler’s pattern for taking territory
Complain about German minority getting discriminated against
Has local Nazi party cause unrest
Says government must restore calm or he will
Threaten leader
After take over announce that is the last territorial claim

22. The army moves in
7. Following the army comes the S.S. with lists of individuals to arrest or shoot

23. Munich Pact Hitler demands the unification of all Germanic people.
Wants Sudetenland which was part of Germany and Austria

25. Chamberlain meets Hitler

26. Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia given to Germany by Neville Chamberlain
Appeasement

27. Why do leaders in the West follow policy of appeasement?

28. France:
Suffered great human and material losses during WWI
Have neither military or moral strength to fight again

29. England:
Cut defense spending in the 20’s and early 30’s to pay for social programs
Not strong enough to fight

30. Many people feel Germany is correct about the harshness of the Versailles Treaty
Some see Hitler as a champion against communism

31. Many feel they can deal with Hitler
Thinking based on:
There must be a limit to what he wants
No rational person wants to have a war

32. Czechoslovakia
March 15, 1939
Nazi Germany invades the rest of Czechoslovakia
Violates the Munich Pact

33. West begins to realize Hitler may not be telling the truth
Decide to support Poland
Problem?
No common border, can only help by invading Germany if war comes

34. Stalin worried about Hitler
Hitler’s talks about destroying Bolshevism and finding Lebensraum to the East

35. Tries to work a deal with France and England
France afraid it will make Hitler mad
England uninterested and feels Commies are a bigger threat than Hitler

36. Stalin decides the only way to deal Hitler is to deal with Hitler

37. Non-Aggression pact with the Soviet Union signed August 23, 1939

38. What does each side want this?
Hitler will not have to fight a two front was like Germany did in WWI
Stalin gets time to modernize his army and rebuild the officer corps after the Purge

39. What are the terms?
Poland is divided between the two powers
Stalin gets the Baltic States
Agree to trade

41. Poland September 1, 1939 Blitzkrieg attack on Poland
Starts World War II in Europe

44. Junker 87
Stuka

45. Total War
War not just on soldiers
Also on civilians and economy

46. Warsaw

47. Stalin invades Finland to get buffer space around Leningrad

50. Leningrad

51. With nothing happening in the West over the winter, people begin to call it the Phony War

52. Hitler invades Norway in April 1940

53. France May 10, 1940 Nazi Germany invades France and the Low Countries
June 22, 1940 France Surrenders

55. Both French and British troops fall back
What should the British do?

56. Stay with French troops and fall back towards Paris
Retreat toward the Channel

57. British decide to try to save the army and head for Dunkirk

59. Germans stop outside of Dunkirk –why?
*wanted to allow British to ask for peace
*tanks need rest & repair
*bad tank country

60. Goering tells Hitler Luftwaffe will destroy British

61. British organize Operation Dynamo – the evacuation of the British Army

62. British need ships that can get close to shore
700 tugs, yachts, steamers, barges, fishing ships and anything else that floats

63. May 27 – June 3
Get 338,226 back to England

67. Results
*save army but lose heavy equipment
*French upset - feel abandoned

68. Germans continue on to Paris
France surrenders

70. Hitler and Speer

71. Surrender states:
All French POWs stay captive
France pays for German occupation
All Jews to be handed over

72. Occupied France
Vichy

73. Vichy
Petain is the head of Vichy
Milice-French Gestapo
Used to round up Jews and resistance leaders

75. Battle of Britain Air and sea battle Germany plans Operation Sealion
Britain defeats German Luftwaffe
Britain not invaded

76. German advantages:
*MORE!!!!
Disadvantages:
*Luftwaffe designed for ground support not air superiority
*Hitler & Goering

77. Disadvantages:
Distance
- German fighter only 10 minutes over London
- if damaged must bail out over England or Channel

78. Spitfire

79. Hawker Hurricane

80. Me 109

81. Ju-87 Stuka

82. Me 110 fighter-bomber

83. He 111

84. Ju-88

89. Why does Germany lose?
Strategic indecision:
Hitler and Goering can’t make up their minds about objectives

90. Attack shipping and port to lure British into dogfights
Attack forward airfields
Attack radar
Attack main airfields & fighter production

91. 5. The Blitz

92. The Blitz

109. Michael Caine

110. The Few

111. Indo-China September 13, 1940 Japan invades French-Indo China
United States responds by placing on embargo on Japan
Oil & Steel
Japan feels it is placed in a corner

112. Barbarossa June 22, 1941 Nazi Germany invades the USSR
The largest invasion in the history of the world
Advance to Leningrad, Moscow and Stalingrad

114. Pearl Harbor Japanese task force attacks American base in Hawaii
December 7, 1941
2,403 Americans killed

116. Japanese Expansion Attacks allied targets in the Pacific
Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore
Japan takes Dutch East Indies
Americans surrender Philippines May 6, 1942

118. Coral Sea/Midway
Japanese task force stopped invasion of Port Moresby May7-8, First naval battle fought by aircraft
June 4, 1942 US sinks four Japanese carriers in the Battle of Midway
Turning Point of War

119. North Africa Operation Torch November 7, 1942
Axis defeated in North Africa May 7, 1943

120. Stalingrad German army surrounded at Stalingrad Surrender Feb 2, 1943
Soviets on Offensive for rest of the war

122. Sicily/Italy Operation Husky June 9, 1943
August 12, 1943 Axis leave Sicily
Invasion of Salerno September 9, 1943
Rome Retaken June 5, 1944 by Clark

124. D-Day June 6, 1944 Allied troops invade Occupied France
Normandy beaches
Operation Overlord

126. Petain and Hitler

127. Charles De Gaulle

129. Pointe du Hoc

131. Allied advance
Retake Paris
Invade Holland
Reach Germany

133. Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944
Germany offensive in the Ardennes
Largest battle ever fought by America
Germany defeated

135. Defeat of Germany March 7, 1945 Allies cross Rhine
April 16, 1945 Soviets attack Berlin
April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide
May 7, 1945 Germany surrenders

137. Reichstag

139. New laws passed: *Jews turn over precious metals
*segregated in German towns
*no carrier pigeons
*suspend drivers licenses
*confiscation of radios
*curfew 9-5 summer 8-6 winter

140. One plan was to make things so bad in Germany Jews will want to leave
SS works on this-have plan to set up Jewish colony
Madagascar

141. War ends all of these plans
Einsatzgruppen organized in Poland and Russia
Richard Heydrich in charge

142. Richard Heydrich
Head of SD

143. Wansee Conference
January 20, 1942
Endlosung-Final Solution
11 million Jews(broken down by country)

144. Sent to transit ghettos
Sent on to work camps or death camps
Many would “doubtless… fall away through natural reduction”

146. Adolf Eichmann

147. Eichmann made sure the final Solution ran smoothly
Made train run on time and camps were set up

148. Arriving at Auschwitz

149. Problem for Germans-shooting too slow
Try putting Jews in sealed trucks and driving them-too much gas wasted

150. Commander of Auschwitz Rudolf Hoss tries Zyklon B an insecticide from I.G. Faben

151. Czechoslovakia (in the pre-Munich boundaries
Polish-Soviet area
4,565,000
Germany
125,000
Austria
65.000
Czechoslovakia (in the pre-Munich boundaries
  277,000
Hungary, including northern Transylvania
402,000
France
83,000
Belgium
24,000
Luxembourg
700
Italy
7,500
The Netherlands
106,000
Norway
760
Romania (Regat, southern Transylvania, southern Bukovina)
40,000
Yugoslavia
60,000
Greece
65,000
Total Loss
5,820,960 **

156. Nuremburg Trials
Nazi leadership that is captured are tried for war crimes

158. Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Alfred Rosenberg, Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick, Julius Streicher, Walther Funk, Hjalmar Schacht
Back Row Left to Right
Karl Dönitz, Erich Raeder, Baldur von Schirach, Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Franz von Papen, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Albert Speer, Konstantin von Neurath, Hans Fritzsche

159. Hitler, Himmler and Goebbels not there
Goering top Nazi at the trial

160. 11 sentenced to death including Goering
Some get prison sentence
Two not guilty

161. Adolf Eichmann will be found in Argentina in the late 1050’s, kidnapped and brought to Israel

162. Defeat of Japan Island Hopping advances toward Japan
Allies invade Iwo Jima (Feb 19, 1945) and Okinawa (April 1, 1945)
Philippines retaken July 5, 1945

164. Atomic Bombs Hiroshima bombed August 6, 1945
Soviet Union Invades China
Nagasaki Bombed August 9, 1945
Japan surrenders August 14, 1945

165. Nagasaki

166. Results Up to 100 million dead Refugee problem
Europe and much of Asia destroyed
Cold War

167. YALTA CONFERENCE * FEBRUARY 4-11 1945 * CRIMEAN PENNINSULA STALIN
* CHURCHILL, ROOSEVELT,
STALIN

168. COALITION GOVERNMENT IN POLAND
YALTA AGREEMENTS UN
FREE ELECTIONS
COALITION GOVERNMENT IN POLAND
GERMANY – 4 ZONES

169. YALTA CONFERENCE

170. POTSDAM CONFERENCE JULY 17 –AUGUST 2 1945 OUTSIDE BERLIN
ATLEE, TRUMAN, STALIN

171. POTSDAM DISAGREEMENTS
SOVIETS REFUSE POLAND COALITION
ADJUST BORDER OF GERMANY AND POLAND
TRUMAN REFUSES SOVIET REPARATIONS FROM ALLIED ZONES

172. POTSDAM CONFERENCE

173. RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE INVADED BY GERMANY TWICE IN 27 YEARS LOST IN WWI
ALMOST LOST WWII
WANT TO PREVENT THIS FROM HAPPENING AGAIN

174. SOVIET DISTRUST UP TO 40 MILLION KILLED IN WWII
ABOUT 100,000 US SOLDIER KILLED IN EUROPE
STALIN FEELS US DELAYED SECOND FRONT