1. BELLWORK: September 14th
How did geography impact fighting in North Africa?
What was General Montgomery’s plan in El Alamein? What factors made this plan successful?
THINKER: In your opinion, what was the biggest obstacle the Allies had to overcome in Normandy? How did they do this?

2. European Operations in WWII
Allied Offensives  Axis Surrender

3. Invasion of North Africa
Bernard Montgomery: British commander

4. El Alamein
By 1942, Allies had enough resources to open a second front (Mediterranean)
British ships sink 2/3 of German supply ships
U.S. lands in Morocco and Algeria
War of attrition = retreat

5. North African Campaign
May 1943: Axis surrender in North Africa
Prevented German takeover of Egypt & Suez Canal
Restored British confidence and prestige
Provided a launching position for next target – Italy
Nazi General, Erwin Rommel – “Desert Fox”

6. Fall of Italy (1943-1945) Southern offensive began in July 1943
Within six weeks, Allies gained Sicily and move up Italian peninsula
Fascism fell from power
Mussolini was overthrown
In June 1944, Italy surrendered!
Germany is left to fight alone in Europe

7. 7

9. Mussolini’s Death
Italian government wanted to punish Mussolini for war crimes
Tried to escape to Switzerland (4/1945)
He was caught by soldiers and executed the next day
Shot by firing squad, body hung in city where civilians beat, kicked, spat, and stoned his dead body.

12. D-Day June 6, 1944 Largest combined land-sea-air battle in history
Allied forces landed on Normandy Beach (France) and pushed the Germans back
Turning point of WWII on Western Front
THINKER: In your opinion, what was the biggest obstacle the Allies had to overcome in Normandy? How did they do this?

17. Dwight D. Eisenhower: General of Allied troops for the Normandy invasion

18. Battle of the Bulge December 1944 – Jan 1945
Germany’s last offensive attack
Invaded Belgium and created a “bulge” in Allied defense lines
Largest American death toll
Germans lost and were pushed back

21. HOMEWORK: DUE FRIDAY!
After the Battle of the Bulge, it’s a direct push into Germany!
Read about the “Road to Berlin” and “The Battle of the Atlantic” on pages
Take separate notes on:
Allies push into Berlin
Strategies used at Sea
Outcome of Battle of Atlantic
Naval technology
For tomorrow  Meet in lab #2. You will conduct independent research on weapon technology used in WWII. Make this count! HUGE aspect of EA2! This is due Monday.

22. Saving Private Ryan 1998 film
Follows Captain Miller (Tom Hanks) & 7 soldiers trying to find Private Ryan.
Ryan is last surviving brother out of 4
Other 3 brothers died in battle within days of each other
4th son is MIA so General orders Ryan be found and sent home immediately.
As you watch, pay attention to the conditions the Allied soldiers faced in battle.
Be ready to discuss!