1. Bellwork
Measurements are important in both science and our everyday lives. Please list 10 measurements that we use (Within science or in daily activities)

2. measurements

3. Scientific Notation
Scientific notation is a simple way to express very large or very small numbers.
EXAMPLE
Approx. speed of light = 300,000,000 m/s SCI Notation = 3 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟖
Average speed of a snail = m/s SCI Notation = 8.6 x 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒

4. 3.00000000 00008.6 What does this mean? Scientific Notation
Values are expressed as the product between 1 and 10, and a power of 10
What does this mean?
3.0 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟖 The exponent, 8, means that the decimal point is 8 places to the right of 3.
For exponents less then 1, the exponents are negative
8.6 x 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 The exponent, -4 , means that the decimal point is 4 places to the left of 8.6

5. Scientific Notation Cont.
Going right = Positive Going Left is negative

6. Scientific Notation
Express the following numbers in scientific notation: a) b)
c) There are 33,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules of water in one milligram of water.
d) A single molecule of sucrose weighs g.
Convert each the following scientific notation to decimal notation.
a) 8.54 x 103
b) 6.7 x 10-5
c) 1.29 x 104
d) x 10-2

7. Scientific Notation Rules when Adding and Subtracting:
Step 1: Adjust the powers of 10 in the 2 numbers so that they have the same index. (Tip: It is easier to adjust the smaller index to equal the larger index).
Step 2: Add or subtract the numbers.
Step 3: Give the answer in scientific notation.
Evaluate 2 × 103 + 3.6 × Evaluate 7 × 105 – 5.2 × 104
= (0.2 x ) + (3.6 x ) = (7.0 x ) – (0.52 x )
=( ) x = ( ) x 10 5
= 3.8 x =
= 6.48 x 10 4

8. Scientific Notation Rules when multiplying & dividing
(3.0 x m/s) X (5.0 x S) = 15 x m = 1.5 x m
Multiply numbers before multiplication sign, add the exponents
(6.0 x m)/ (3.0 x m/S) = x 10 8−2 m = 2.0 x m
Divide numbers before multiplication sign, subtract the exponents

9. Scientific Notation Perform the following calculations:
(7.6 x 10^-4 m ) x (1.5 x 10^7 m)
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Calculate how far light travels in 8.64 x 10^4 sec. The speed of light is approx. (3.0 x 10^8 m/s). Hint: Distance = speed x time

10. Units of measurements
Scientists use standard units of measurements that together form the International System of Units, or SI.
This system allows scientist around the world to compare observations and calculations

11. Metric Conversions

12. Metric Conversion Factor Method
Works with numerical values as well as units
8 meters = ________________mm ,900 cm = ______________m
8 m= mm 1 m cm = 1 m 100 cm
Now, Convert the height of Mt Everest, which is 8848 m into KM
8848 m = 1 km m = KM

13. Continued problems using conversion factor
Convert 4.5 weeks to minutes
4.5 wks = 𝟕 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝟏 𝐰𝐤 x 𝟐𝟒 𝐡𝐫𝐬 𝟏 𝐝𝐚𝐲 x 𝟔𝟎 𝐦𝐢𝐧 𝟏 𝐡𝐫 = min
Convert 2.7 g/mL to lb/L.
2.7 g/ml = 𝟐.𝟕 𝐠 𝟏 𝐦𝐋 𝐱 𝟏 𝐥𝐛 𝟒𝟓𝟒 𝐠 x 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐦𝐋 𝟏 𝐋 = 𝟓.𝟗 𝐥𝐛 𝟏 𝐋 OR 5.9 lb/ L

14. Volume Volume: Measure of the amount of space an object takes up.
For regular shaped solids (e.g. rectangular prisms / cubes) use the equations Length X Width X Height
but for an irregular shaped solid you use a graduated cylinder and measure how much water is displaced. ( cm³ or ml)
1 ml = 1 cm³
Volume of a cylinder is V = 𝜋 𝑟 2 ℎ or area of circle x height

15. Working with formulas – Density
Density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume occupied by that substance.
Density = mass of substance volume of substance or d = m v
Density is expressed in different units depending on the phase (form) of the substance.
Solids are usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3), while liquids are
commonly grams per milliliter (g/mL). The density of gases is usually expressed as
grams per liter (g/L).

16. Problems using equations
1) If 10.4 mL of a liquid has a mass of g, what is its density?
2) The density of a saline solution is 1.05 g/mL. Calculate the mass of a mL sample.
3) The density of rubbing alcohol is g/mL. What volume of rubbing alcohol
would you use if you needed 32.0 g?

17. Temperature

18. Problems with temperature

19. Organizing Data
Data Tables: easier to spot trends in the data that can support or disprove a hypothesis.

20. D R Y M I X Dependent variable ( outcome) Responding Variable Y – axis
Manipulated variable
Independent Variable (test)
X - axis
Y axis – dependent (Responding Variable)
X Axis – Independent (Manipulating Variable)

21. Graphing DO’S Title Scale
Label units for independent & dependent variables
Key
Label the X & Y axis

22. Graphs
Line Graph: shows changes that occur in related variables. Data that will change over time and not stay the same. ( Temperature)
The Independent (manipulated) variable is on the x x-axis (horizontal axis ).
The dependent (r) variable is on the y y-axis (vertical axis).

23. Graphs

25. Bar Graph
Used to compare a set of measurements, amounts, or changes. Allows us to analyze data quickly.

26. Circle/ Pie Graph
A divided circle that shows how a part or percent of something relates to the whole.