1. Environmental Chemistry

2. Outcomes
identify common organic and inorganic substances that are essential to the health and growth of humans and other living things,
describe, in general terms, the forms of organic matter synthesized by plants and animals, including carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
are difficult for organisms to break down or eliminate (e.g., DDT, mercury)
identify questions that may need to be addressed in deciding what substances - in what amounts - can be safely released into the environment 
identify substrates and nutrient sources for living things within a variety of environments
investigate and evaluate potential risks resulting from consumer practices and industrial processes, and identify processes used in providing information and setting standards to manage these risks 

3. Chemicals in the Environment
All matter is made up of chemicals, which is made up of elements
Some chemicals are a part of living creatures
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and potassium
Some chemicals are necessary for life
Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins
Some chemicals can be harmful to living creatures
Mercury, Lead, Cobalt

4. Organic and Inorganic Our bodies need 25 elements for normal growth
Organic Molecules are molecules that contain carbon
Ex. Sugar, protein, fat, starch
Inorganic Molecules are molecules that do not contain carbon
Ex. Magnesium and calcium

5. Nutrients
Nutrients are elements and compounds that organisms need for living, growing and reproducing
There are 9 elements called macronutrients which are needed in large amounts in our bodies
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Sulfur
Micronutrients are needed in trace amounts in our bodies
Selenium
Plants obtain their nutrients from the air, water, and soil

6. Macronutrients Nutrient Why is it important for people Nitrogen (N)
Makes up proteins and DNA
Helps with growth and repair
Phosphorus (P)
Part of bones, teeth and DNA
Potassium (K)
Helps with muscles and nerves
Magnesium (Mg)
Composes bones and teeth
Calcium (Ca)
Necessary for blood clotting
Sulfur (S)
Necessary for protein synthesis
Helps activate enzymes

7. What’s the Right Amount
When we look at the optimum amount, it is the amount that provides an organism with the best health.
Examples: Copper for Hair Colour, Selenium and Chromium for body Function.
What might happen if we have too much?
Start at 6:00

8. Quick Assignment
Answer the questions below regarding Fats, Carbohydrates and Proteins found in our diets page

9. Testing for Organic Molecules
Test Name
Testing For
Results
Iodine
Starch
Benedicts
Glucose
Biuret
Protein
Paper Spot Test
Fats

10. Testing for Organic Molecules
Write observations from Simulation
Test Product
Result (+/-)
Observation
Carrot
Wheat
Apple
Egg
Tomato
Oats
Potato
Bread

11. Testing for Organic Molecules
Glucose: Benedict’s Solution turns from blue to yellow-orange-red
Starch: Iodine Solution turns from red-brown to black
Protein: Biuret Solution turns from blue to purple

12. Nitrogen Cycle

13. Facts about the Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen cycles through the air, into the soil, into plants and animals and back into the air
Regular air is about 78% nitrogen gas (N2)
Nitrogen is an important component of DNA

14. Fossil Fuels
Fossil fuels are fuel sources that were made by dead plants and animals (the flood?)
Fossil fuels are natural gas, coal and oil
Fossil fuels are called hydrocarbons because they are made of carbon and hydrogen

15. Hydrocarbon + oxygen  water + carbon dioxide + energy
Combustion
The combustion of fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide and water vapor
Hydrocarbon + oxygen  water + carbon dioxide + energy
Examples of natural gases: methane, propane, butane and octane (gas)

16. Incomplete Combustion
When there is not enough oxygen for regular combustion to occur, carbon dioxide is not produced but carbon monoxide is produced
Why is this an issue?
If fossil fuels have nitrogen or sulfur in it, then nitrates, nitrites, sulfates and sulfites can be produced
These 4 compounds are a part of air pollution

17. Think about it
Can carbon be recycled?

18. Nutrient Cycles
Complete the Pages on Nutrient Cycles

19. Pollution
Pollution is any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things
Examples?

20. Definition
An issue is a subject of importance where people often have strong, conflicting points of view
A fertilizer is a substance added to soil to ensure plants will grow better
A pest is an organism that harms people, crops or structures
A pesticide is a chemical that is used to kill pests

21. Uptake of Substances by Plants
There are two basic ways that substances enter plant roots
1) Diffusion
2) Osmosis
Ms. Nielsen Food Dye Diffusion Demo!

22. Diffusion Diffusion means the passive movement of particles
Diffusion does not require energy to occur
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Molecules naturally diffuse into the roots of plants
Example in air: Spraying air freshener

23. Osmosis
Osmosis is similar to diffusion- water molecules moving away from a high concentration of other water molecules
More water gets absorbed into the roots as water in the plant is used up by the plant
Osmosis= water

24. Ingestion and Absorption of Materials by Animals
Humans and animals absorb nutrients by eating or ingesting plants or other animals
We chew our food so that there is higher surface area of the food to be digested and so that the nutrients can be absorbed
The breakdown of large organic molecules in our stomach is called hydrolysis

25. Agriculture Activities
Many people who have large scale farms use fertilizers and pesticides to be successful.

26. Types of Pesticides
1) Herbicide- a chemical used to destroy unwanted plants
2) Insecticide- a chemical used to destroy unwanted insects
3) Fungicide- a chemical used to destroy unwanted fungi

27. Fertilizers Fertilizers have a set of 3 numbers on them
The numbers stand for the amount of NITROGEN-PHOSPHORUS-POTASSIUM Ex
15% Nitrogen
30% Phosphorus
15% Potassium

28. What’s the Content of these Fertilizers?

29. Think About It!
Do you believe that Farms need to use pesticides and fertilizers?

30. Wastewater
Sewage is waste water that contains dissolved and undissolved material from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry
A septic tank is an underground tank where bacteria break down organic materials
Effluent (aka treated wastewater) is released into rivers- may still contain extra nitrogen and phosphorus- this can cause alga bloom as the algae in the water uses the fertilizers to bloom
Where does the storm water go?

31. Choking Lake Winnipeg
Complete Choking Lake Winnipeg Video and Questions.